四川山地、丘陵玉米N、P、K需肥特性及肥料利用率研究  

N,P,K Demand Characteristics and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Maize in Mountain and Hilly Sichuan

作　　者：余垚颖[1] 莫太相 刘金丹[3] 郭应菊[1] 陈代容 王明富[1] YU Yao-ying;MO Tai-xiang;LIU Jin-dan;GUO Ying-ju;CHEN Dairong;WANG Ming-fu(Plant Protection Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sichuan Chengdu 610066,China;Agricultural Bureau of Zhong jiang County,Sichuan Deyang 618000,China;Sichuan AgVcultural Technology Extension Station,Sichuan Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,四川成都610066 [2]四川省中江县农业局,四川德阳618000 [3]四川省农业技术推广总站,四川成都610041

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第2期326-333,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省科技支撑(2014NZ0097)。

摘　　要：【目的】本文探索了四川山地和丘陵地区玉米对N、P、K需求特性及常规施肥条件下的肥料利用率。【方法】在四川山地和丘陵地区设农民习惯施肥(C1)和不施肥(CK)的大田试验,研究玉米整个生育内不同时间段对N、P、K的需求和施肥条件下肥料利用率、养分收获指数情况。【结果】玉米吸N、P、K量占整个生育期的比例,播种期~三叶期分别为:1.34%、5.33%、10.33%;三叶期~拔节期为:4.54%、30.76%、14.42%;拔节期~抽雄期为:29.74%、29.48%、29.14%;抽雄期~吐丝期为:25.7%、-1.84%、46.84%;吐丝期~成熟期为38.69%、36.27%、-0.72%;玉米生长后期N、P的需求以籽粒为主,K以茎、粒为主;农民习惯施肥模式肥料对玉米产量的贡献率分别为27.98%和25.09%,N、P、K的收获指数范围分别为:0.65~0.67、0.64~0.66、0.30~0.33,与不施肥相比虽促进了光合产物向籽粒转移,均未达到显著水平。【结论】四川地区玉米施肥及需求之间协调性较差,肥料利用率低,影响玉米产量与品质,其施肥方式或种类有待进一步改进。【Objective】The present paper aimed to understand the demand characteristics of N,P,K and the fertilizer utilization rate of corn in Sichuan mountainous and hilly areas.【Method】The field experiments of farmers’habitual fertilization(C1)and no-fertilization(CK)in mountainous and hilly areas of Sichuan province were conducted to study the N,P,K demand of maize in different periods during the whole growth period and the fertilizer utilization rate and nutrient harvest index under fertilization conditions.【Result】The N,P and K uptake in maize accounted for the whole growth period from sowing date to trefoil stage were 1.34%,5.33%and 10.33%;From trefoil stage to jointing stage:4.54%,30.76%and 14.42%;From jointing stage to heading stage:29.74%,29.48%and 29.14%;From heading stage to silking stage:25.7%,-1.84%and 46.84%;From silking stage to maturing stage:38.69%,36.27%and-0.72%;The nitrogen and phosphorus demand of maize in late growth stage was mainly grain,potassium was stem and grain;In Zhongjiang and Guangyuan experimental sites,the contribution rates of conventional fertilizer to maize yield were 27.98%and 25.09%,the harvest index ranges of N,P and K were 0.65-0.67,0.64-0.66 and 0.30-0.33,and compared with no fertilization,fertilization promoted the transfer of photosynthate to grain,but did not reach the significant level.【Conclusion】There is poor coordination between fertilization and demand of maize in Sichuan area,low fertilizer utilization rate,which affects maize yield and quality.The fertilization methods or types need to be further improved.

关 键 词：玉米 养分需求 肥料利用率 养分运转 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]