辣椒品质性状杂种优势分析  

Heterosis Analysis of Pepper Quality Traits

作　　者：何建文[1] 付文婷[1] 吴迪 詹永发[1] HE Jian-wen;FU Wen-ting;WU Di;ZHAN Yong-fa(Pepper Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultuml Sciences,Guizhou Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院辣椒研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第2期364-369,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目“簇生型辣椒种质创制及新组合选育”[黔科合支撑(2018)2374-1];贵州省动植物育种专项“适宜机械化采收辣椒新材料选育”[黔农育专字(2018)021];贵州省科技平台及人才团队计划“山地特色辣椒提质增效关键技术研发与服务”[黔科合平台人才(2017)5709]。

摘　　要：【目的】为辣椒品质育种中亲本的合理选配及杂种优势预测提供参考。【方法】以10个辣椒自育亲本为试验材料,按5×5不完全双列试验设计配置25个杂交组合,分析F1代品质性状杂种优势及亲本间SSR分子遗传距离与其杂种优势相关性。【结果】10个供试亲本组配成25个杂交组合的150个性状正向优势和负向优势各占总性状的50.00%,维生素C、粗纤维和辣椒素的超中优势平均值为正向优势,分别为2.62、8.74和0.26,干物质、粗脂肪和蛋白质的超中优势平均值为负向优势,分别为-1.71、-1.51和-19.63;粗纤维和辣椒素超亲优势平均值为正向优势,分别为1.36和4.99,干物质、维生素C、粗脂肪和蛋白质超亲优势平均值为负向优势,分别为-12.15、-15.33、-16.39和-31.66;10个供试亲本以H042023A和H042025D的遗传距离最小,H042025D和H004间的遗传距离最大,平均遗传距离为0.25,其亲缘关系相对较近;SSR分子遗传距离仅与粗脂肪呈显著正相关,与其余5个品质指标均呈不显著正相关或负相关,与6个品质指标超亲优势均呈不显著正相关或负相关。【结论】辣椒品质性状杂种优势普遍存在,通过杂种优势改良辣椒品质性状可行。【Objective】This paper aims to provide references for rational parents selection and heterosis prediction in pepper quality breeding.【Method】In the present study,10 pepper self-breeding parents were used as experimental materials,and 25 cross combinations were configured according to a 5×5 incomplete dillel test design to analyze the heterosis of quality traits in F1 generation and the SSR molecular genetic distance between parents and their heterosis correlation.【Result】The positive and negative heterosis of 150 traits in 25 hybrid combinations of the 10 tested parents accounted for 50.00%of the total traits,respectively.The mean values of the super-median heterosis of vitamin C,crude fiber and capsaicin were positive,which were 2.62,8.74 and 0.26,respectively.The mean values of the super-median heterosis of dry matter,crude fat and protein were negative,which were-1.71,-1.51 and-19.63,respectively.The average heterosis of crude fiber and capsaicin were 1.36 and 4.99,respectively.The average heterosis of dry matter,vitamin C,crude fat and protein were-12.15,-15.33,-16.39 and-31.66,respectively.Among the 10 tested parents,the genetic distance between H042023 A and H042025 D was the smallest,and the genetic distance between H042025 D and H004 was the largest,with an average genetic distance of 0.25,and the genetic relationship was relatively close.SSR molecular genetic distance was only significantly positively correlated with crude fat,and was not significantly positively correlated or negatively correlated with the other five quality indicators,and was not significantly positively correlated or negatively correlated with the six quality indicators.【Conclusion】The heterosis of pepper quality traits is widespread,and it is feasible to improve pepper quality traits by heterosis.

关 键 词：辣椒 品质性状 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S641.303.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]