虚假疫情信息治理探析  

Analysis on the Governance of False Information of Epidemic Situation

作　　者：南靖杰 颜洪平[2] NAN Jingjie(Hainan University Law School,Haikou,Hainan,570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院,海南海口570228 [2]海南大学经济学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《医学与社会》2021年第4期123-128,共6页Medicine and Society

基　　金：2019年海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目,编号为2019RC089;国家社会科学基金重大项目,编号为19ZDA110;教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目,编号为18XJC790016;海南省哲学社会科学2020年规划课题,编号为JD(ZC)20-14。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国传染病防治法(修订草案征求意见稿)》对虚假疫情信息的规制存在不足。治理虚假疫情信息的前提是对其进行准确识别。分析表明,在此问题上,除虚假疫情信息需要被明确定义外,虚假疫情信息与疫情谣言等概念存在交叉;根据与事实真相的偏离程度,虚假疫情信息应分为轻微偏离事实真相的疫情信息、严重偏离事实真相的疫情信息和基本事实为假的疫情信息。造成虚假疫情信息泛滥的原因主要来自信息节点和易感节点两方面;而缺乏对虚假疫情信息泛滥的原因分析,则导致了“一刀切”的监管问题。虚假疫情信息的治理策略应具有针对性:一是通过加强媒体行业监管和建立外国代理人制度治理信息节点问题;二是通过全民联动的宣传教育和及时、准确、合法地信息公开以应对易感节点问题;三是通过精准化治理模式解决“一刀切”的监管问题。Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases(exposure draft)has insufficient provisions on false information of epidemic.The premise of controlling the dissemination of the false information is the accurate identification of that.Therefore,false information of epidemic should be well-defined and there exits cross correlations between false information and rumors.According to the degree of deviation from the truth,the information can be divided into that with a slight deviation from the truth,that with substantial deviation from the truth,and that with false basis.The causes of the rampant false information involve two aspects:information nodes and susceptible nodes.The lack of analysis of the causes of the spread of false epidemic information has led to the problem of"one-size-fits-all"regulation.Governance strategies to this problem must be targeted:the first is to strengthen the supervision of the media industry and to establish a foreign agent system to manage information nodes;the second is to cope with susceptible nodes through transparency and education,to disclose information accurately;the third is to solve the problem of"one-size-fits-all"regulation through the precise management.

关 键 词：《传染病防治法》草案 虚假疫情信息 识别 治理 

分 类 号：R19-019[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]