跨临界CO_(2)蒸气压缩式制冷与热泵技术综述  

Review of Transcritical CO_(2) Vapor Compression Technology in Refrigeration and Heat Pump

作　　者：宋昱龙 王海丹 殷翔[1] 曹锋[1] Song Yulong;Wang Haidan;Yin Xiang;Cao Feng(School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi′an, 710049, China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049

出　　处：《制冷学报》2021年第2期1-24,共24页Journal of Refrigeration

摘　　要：CO_(2)跨临界制冷循环模式因环境友好性、高温制热性、低环境温度适应性、全工况范围高效性等众多优势成为制冷领域中最热门的研究课题之一。本文分别讨论了跨临界CO_(2)制冷或热泵技术在车辆空调、建筑采暖与热水供应、烘干产业、商超冷链等行业中的发展现状,总结并预测了跨临界CO_(2)技术的未来发展趋势。CO_(2)制冷技术在车辆热管理领域发展前景广阔,制热能力明显优于采用R134a、R407C、R1234yf等制冷剂的方案,但制冷性能及整车综合热管理技术还有待进一步研究提升;在建筑采暖与热水供应领域,跨临界CO_(2)技术的开发已较为完备,针对不同的温度需求有不同的结构优化方案,下一步研究将主要针对现有成熟技术的产业化而开展;烘干产业中的跨临界CO_(2)技术正在快速进步的过程中,虽然分布式小型烘干设备的新能源化改造任重道远,但节能与环保优势显著的跨临界CO_(2)技术仍具备优异的推广前景;跨临界CO_(2)技术在商超冷链中的Booster技术已较为成熟,优良的节能环保优势也进一步将该技术推向冰雪场馆制冷领域,在该领域中跨临界CO_(2)技术的冷热综合应用将是下一阶段的主要研究方向。喷射器、涡流管、膨胀机等压力能回收技术的深入研究是提升系统能效的重要方法,而智能控制技术是跨临界CO_(2)系统实时性能优化的必要保障,这两方面将成为下一阶段跨临界CO_(2)技术研究的主要任务。The CO_(2) transcritical refrigeration system has become one of the most popular research topics in the refrigeration field owing to its numerous advantages such as environmental friendliness,excellent heating performance,low-ambient-temperature adaptability,and full range of working conditions.In this paper,the development status of transcritical CO_(2) refrigeration or heat pump technology in vehicle air conditioning,building heating and hot water supply,drying industry,commercial cooling chain,and other industries is discussed.Based on the development status,this paper also summarizes and presents a prediction on the future development trend of the transcritical CO_(2) technology.The CO_(2) refrigeration technology has a bright future in the field of vehicle thermal management.Its heating performance is higher than those of R134A,R407C,R1234yf,and other systems.However,its cooling performance should be further improved.For the application of building heating and hot water supply,the development of the transcritical CO_(2) technology has been relatively completed.Different structural optimization schemes have been proposed for different temperature requirements.The next step of the research will mainly focus on the industrialization of the existing mature technology.Additionally,although the transformation of distributed small-scale drying equipment into a new energy version has yet to be achieved,the transcritical CO_(2) technology,which has significant advantages in energy saving and environmental protection,has excellent promotion prospects in the field of heat-pump dryers.In addition,because of the mature state in the commercial cold chain field,its excellent energy conservation and environmental protection advantages will further advance the technology into the refrigeration field of ice making and snow production in stadiums.In this new field,the integrated application of cooling and heating effects of the transcritical CO_(2) technology will be the main research direction in the next stage.In-depth resea

关 键 词：跨临界CO_(2)技术 汽车空调 热泵热水器 热泵烘干 商超冷链 

分 类 号：TB611[一般工业技术—制冷工程] TQ051.5[化学工程]