地铁客车重要零部件转向架轴端吊耳螺栓脱落故障分析及解决措施  

Analysis and Solution of Metro Bogy Lug Bolt Failure

作　　者：张涛 付媛媛 林勤 ZHANG Tao;FU Yuanyuang;LIN Qin(National Rail Vehicle Engineering R&D Center,CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicle CO.,Ltd,Changchun 130062,China;National Innovation Center of High Speed Train,Qingdao 266111,China)

机构地区：[1]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司国家轨道客车工程研究中心,吉林长春130062 [2]国家高速列车青岛技术创新中心,山东青岛266111

出　　处：《大连交通大学学报》2021年第2期23-27,共5页Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University

摘　　要：地铁客车运营时转向架轴箱体端部与吊耳的连接螺栓脱落严重威胁着地铁的安全行车.通过对脱落螺栓的形貌分析、材质检验及断口金相检测,基本排除了螺栓质量问题,但发现吊耳与其连接件间存在相对滑动的可能性;在EN13749标准规定的轴箱振动加速度以及线路实测振动加速度载荷的分别作用下,基于VDI 2230-2003标准对吊耳的连接螺栓进行强度分析,结果表明:两种载荷作用下螺栓强度均满足要求,但在线路实测载荷下连接螺栓的被连接件间的防滑移安全系数仅为0.997,同时疲劳工况下的安全系数也相对较低;接着,考虑到吊耳结构重量直接决定着连接螺栓的承载大小,提出新型吊耳结构,其重量仅为原结构重量的35%,一阶固有频率为原结构的1.3倍.同时,建议采用10.9级的法兰面螺栓M12mm×100mm作为吊耳连接螺栓,并配合使用宽边NordLock防松垫圈.The fracture of bolts between axle box and lugs seriously threaten the safe operation of the subway.Through the appearance analysis and material and fracture metallographic inspections of the fallen bolts,the quality problem of the bolts is basically eliminated,but there is the possibility of relative sliding between the lifting lugs and the connecting parts・Under the axle box vibration specified in EN13749 standard,the strength of the connecting bolts of the lifting lugs is analyzed based on VDI 2230-2003 standard under the action of acceleration and the measured vibration acceleration load of the line.The results show that the bolt strength meets the requirements under the two loads,the safety factor of anti-skid movement between the connected parts is only 0.997,and the safety factor under fatigue conditions is also relatively low.Considering that the weight of the lug structure directly determines the bearing size of the connecting bolt,a new lug structure is proposed.Its weight is only 35%of the weight of the original structure,and the first-order natural frequency is 1.3 times that of the original structure.Also,it is recommended to use 10.9 grade flange bolts M12mm×100 mm as the lug connecting bolts,and use the broad-side NordLock anti-loosening washers.

关 键 词：地铁转向架 螺栓脱落 VDI 2230-2003 防滑移分析 结构模态 

分 类 号：U279.33[机械工程—车辆工程]