嫁接和修剪对渝丘陵地区‘双季米金槐’生长的影响  

Effects of Grafting and Pruning on the Growth of Sophora japonica‘Shuangjimijinhuai’in Hilly Area of Chongqing

作　　者：刘金亮[1,2,3] 何光华 李隆云[1] 宋旭红[1] 廖尚强[4] LIU Jin-liang;HE Guang-hua;LI Long-yun;SONG Xu-hong;LIAO Shang-qiang(Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Planting,Chongqing Academy o£.Traditional Chinese Medicine/Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources/Chongqing Sub-center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Centre,China Academy of Chinese Medical Science,Chongqing 400065,China;College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;College of Tobacco Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Chongqing Henglin Agricultural Development Co.Ltd.,Chongqing 400700,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市中药研究院中药种植研究所/重庆市中药良种选育与评价工程技术研究中心/重庆市中药资源学重点实验室/中国中医科学院中药资源中心重庆分中心,重庆400065 [2]西南大学农学与生物科技学院,重庆400715 [3]贵州大学烟草学院,贵州贵阳550025 [4]重庆恒林农业开发有限公司,重庆400700

出　　处：《中药材》2020年第4期797-801,共5页Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials

基　　金：重庆市林业重点科技攻关项目(2016-14);国家中药材产业技术体系(CARS-21);重庆市中药材产业技术体系(2017-[5]号)。

摘　　要：目的:探索渝丘陵山区双季米金槐的最佳嫁接时期、修剪时期和重截程度,制定嫁接和修枝技术方案,为槐米精细化和规范化生产提供指导。方法:试验以盛产期双季米金槐为研究对象,采用单因素随机区组设计,考察不同嫁接时期对渝丘陵山区金槐嫁接成活率和生长的影响,以及不同修剪时期和重截程度对槐米产量及其构成因素的影响。结果:11月初嫁接的接穗萌发早,成活后长势旺、枝条长、枝条干物质积累量多、结米率高,但成活率低,仅为35%;12月初、翌年1月初和2月初嫁接的接穗萌发时间均比头年11月初嫁接的晚10 d左右,成活后的新生枝条长、枝条粗、枝条干物质积累量、结米率等均比头年11月初嫁接的差,但成活率更高,可达60%以上,此3个嫁接时期的各项指标差异不显著;3月初嫁接的接穗在刚嫁接后7 d左右开始萌发,较其他几个嫁接时期的接穗萌发晚,成活后新萌发枝条长度、粗度、干物质积累量和结米率等均较低,但成活率高达96%。单株产量、复总状花序和总状花序数随着修剪时期推迟而降低,11月底和12月底修剪的槐米单株产量、复总状花序和总状花序数差异不显著,但与翌年1月底修剪的差异显著;当年生新枝的扩增率随着重截留桩长度的增加而增加,留桩长10 cm处理下的当年生新枝扩增率最低,留桩长15 cm处理下的新枝扩增率居中,留桩长20 cm处理下的新枝扩增率最高。结论:渝丘陵地区双季米金槐最适嫁接时期为3月份,修剪时期为12月初至12月底,重截时留桩长10~15 cm(约4~5个芽)。Objective:To explore the best grafting period,pruning period and heavy heading-back of Sophora japonica‘Shuangjimijinhuai’in hilly area of Chongqing,to develop the technical scheme of grafting and pruning,so as to provide guidance for the refined and standardized production of Sophora japonica flower bud.Methods:Using the Sophora japonica‘Shuangjimijinhuai’in season as research object,the single factor random block design was used to investigate the effects of different grafting periods on the survival rate and growth of Sophora japonica in hilly area of Chongqing,and the effects of different pruning period and heavy heading-back on the yield of Sophora japonica flower bud and its constituent factors.Results:In early November,the grafted scion germinated early,after survival,it was growing vigorously with long branches,dry matter accumulationin branches was much,rice production rate was high,but the survival rate was lower,only 35%;The grafted scion germination time in early December,early January and early February of the next year was about 10 d later than that of grafting in early November of the first year,after survival,the length,thickness,dry matter accumulation of new branches and rice yield were all worse than that of grafting in early November of the first year,but the survival rate was higher,more than 60%,and the indexes of the three grafting periods were not significantly different;At the beginning of march,the grafted scions began to germinate about 7 d after grafting,which was later than that of other grafted scions,after survival,the length,coarseness,dry matter accumulation and rice setting rate of new sprouting branches were all lower,but the survival rate was as high as 96%.The yield per plant,compound raceme and raceme numbers decreased with the delay of pruning period,the yield,compound raceme and raceme numbers of Sophora japonica flower bud pruned at the end of November and December were not significantly different,but were significantly different from that at the end of January of

关 键 词：双季米金槐 嫁接时期 修剪时期 重截程度 生长 产量及其构成 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]