消除贫困的努力——从和平解放到自治区成立西藏城镇的扶贫救济与社会治理  

Efforts on Poverty Eradication:Poverty Alleviation and Social Governance in Tibetan Cities From the Peaceful Liberation to the Establishment of Autonomous Region

作　　者：关浩淳 Guan Haochun(College of Marxism,Huaqiao University,Xiamen,Fujian 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学马克思主义学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《西藏研究》2021年第1期12-21,共10页Tibetan Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“新中国成立初期西藏城市发展与边疆社会治理研究(1949-1965)”(项目编号:20CZSO62);华侨大学中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目;华侨大学高层次人才科研启动项目“新中国成立初期西藏城市社会治理研究(1949-1965)”(项目编号:19SKBS205)阶段性成果

摘　　要：和平解放前,受政教合一封建农奴制度的影响,西藏城镇贫困人口主要来源于农奴,西藏城镇社会救助多为简单零星行为,无法建立完备的社会救济和保障制度。和平解放后,西藏城镇救济和社会保障事业逐步开展,各项赈济和救助城镇乞丐、贫民及老弱病残等人群的举措在大范围实施,流浪街头的乞丐和流民过上新生活,长期失业的贫民获得工作就业机会并组建家庭,无人照顾的未成年孤儿被送进学校,孤老残疾人在福利院安享幸福晚年,城镇底层居民的基本生存生活和发展权益得到保障,社会公平正义得到彰显,过去那种混乱不整、肮脏不洁的城镇面貌得到改变,西藏人权事业取得巨大成就。During the early years of new China,the poverty population in the cities of Tibet mainly came from serfs,and the feudal serfdom was the root cause. Under the influence of the old system of theocracy,social assistance in Tibetan cities was mostly simple and sporadic,and a complete social relief and security system could not be established. After the peaceful liberation of Tibet,social relief in cities began to be implemented. The original situation of inaction against vulnerable groups in society gradually reversed. With the abolition of the old system,the new government adopted various measures to assist urban beggars,refugees,the poor,the elderly,the weak,the sick and the disabled,and other vulnerable groups. After the efforts of the government at that time,beggars and refugees on the streets lived a new life. The long-term unemployed and poor residents obtained job opportunities and the disabled enjoyed a happy life in welfare institutions. The basic rights and interests of the lower-class urban residents for subsistence and development have been guaranteed,social fairness and justice have been highlighted,the chaotic and dirty appearance of the old towns has been changed,and great progress has been made in the cause of human rights in Tibet.

关 键 词：乞丐 流民 弱势群体 扶贫救济 社会治理 

分 类 号：C915[经济管理]