电动船三元锂电池舱与磷酸铁锂电池舱灭火对比试验研究  

Study on comparative fire extinguishing tests between ternary lithium battery cabin and lithium iron phosphate battery cabin of electric ships

作　　者：饶慧[1] 罗肖锋 刘安[1] 汪志宏 席庆庆 张峥 RAO Hui;LUOXiao-feng;LIU An;WANGZhi-hong;XI Qing-qing;ZHANG Zheng(Wuhan Rules and Research Institute,China Classification Society,Hubei,Wuhan 430022,China;Zhejiang YaningFire Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Zhejiang Quzhou 324112,China;Jiangxi Samsung Qilong Fire Safety Co.,Ltd.,Jiangxi Nanchang330013,China;Wuhan Modern Yangtze River Morgan Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hubeci Wuhan 430090,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船级社武汉规范研究所,湖北武汉430022 [2]浙江亚宁消防设备有限公司,浙江衢州324112 [3]江西三星气龙消防安全有限公司,江西南昌330013 [4]武汉现代长江摩根科技有限公司,湖北武汉430090

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2021年第3期433-437,共5页Fire Science and Technology

摘　　要：为研究三元锂电池电动船的消防安全,搭建了一个船舶锂电池舱火灾试验平台,通过模拟舱室火灾场景,开展了一系列大尺寸灭火试验,从灭火现象、冷却效果及复燃间隔时间等方面对比分析了4种船用固定式灭火系统对三元锂电池和磷酸铁锂电池初期火灾的抑制效果。试验表明,压力水雾灭火系统对两种电池火体现出较好的抑制和冷却效果,5、10 L/(min·m2)两种喷水强度下均未发生复燃;二氧化碳、七氟丙烷及热气溶胶灭火系统均能瞬时扑灭这2种电池火,但抑制时间有限,存在复燃的可能,其中热气溶胶冷却效果最差、电池复燃间隔时间最短,其次是二氧化碳、七氟丙烷。总体而言,三元锂电池火比磷酸铁锂电池火更难扑灭,复燃率更高,复燃间隔时间更短。根据比较结果提出灭火对策建议。For studying the fire safety of electric ships powered by ternary lithium batteries,an experimental platform of lithium battery cabin on a ship was established and a series of largescale fire experiments were performed by simulating the fire scenario in the cabin.Ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries were taken,and the suppression effectiveness of four types of marine fixed fire-extinguishing systems on their initial fires were compared in terms of fire suppression phenomena,cooling effect and re-ignition interval time.The results showed that pressure water-mist fire-extinguishing system had a good suppression effect on these two kinds of battery fires,and no re-ignition occurred when the water spraying intensity was 5 L/(min·m2)and 10 L/(min·m2).Carbon dioxide,heptafluoropropane and aerosol fire-extinguishing systems could extinguish these two kinds of battery fires instantly,but the suppression time was limited and there was the potential to re-ignite.Among these three systems,the cooling effect of aerosol was the worst and re-ignition interval was the shortest,followed by carbon dioxide and then heptafluoropropane,and in general ternary lithium battery fires were more difficult to be extinguished than lithium iron phosphate battery fires,with higher re-ignition rate and shorter re-ignition intervals.According to the comparative results,some fire fighting countermeasures were put forward.

关 键 词：电动船 三元锂电池 磷酸铁锂电池 灭火试验 冷却 复燃 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]