儿童照顾的“家庭化”与“去家庭化”——日本育儿支援政策分析与启示  

Familization and Defamilization of Child Care: Analysis and Implications of Childcare Support Policy in Japan

作　　者：杨爽[1,2] Yang Shuang

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院 [2]京都大学人间·环境学研究科

出　　处：《社会建设》2021年第2期87-96,共10页Social Construction

基　　金：国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目( 201906190037 )

摘　　要：受到"三岁儿神话"等观念的影响,当前日本社会中普遍强调家庭在儿童照顾中的作用;与此同时,为应对少子化问题与现代社会中逐步增加的儿童照顾需求,日本的育儿支援政策也不断在"家庭化"与"去家庭化"之间寻找平衡点。日本于1997年修改《儿童福利法》后进入了普惠式儿童福利时代,在这个转变过程中,国家通过推行各类育儿支援政策,在确保儿童照顾中家庭这一责任主体作用的同时,调动地方自治体、市场与社会组织等多元主体在儿童照顾领域的共同参与。借鉴日本育儿支援政策的经验,我国在建设儿童照顾政策体系的过程中应当通过正式的政策引导,为有儿童照顾需求的社会成员提供育儿休假与儿童照顾服务;发挥多元主体的力量,共同为家庭提供更多的儿童照顾支持。Affected by the sense of the "3-year-old Myth", the family plays an important role in the childcare of Japan. At the same time, in order to respond to the ongoing problem of declining birth rates and the increasing childcare needs, Japan is struggling to find balance between the "familization" and "defamilization" of the childcare policy. With the amendment of the Law of Child Welfare in 1997, Japan started the era of inclusive child welfare. In this process, while encouraging the local government, the market and social organizations to participate in childcare, the state also ensures the role of the family in childcare through various childcare support policies. Drawing on the experience of Japan’s childcare policy, in the process of building the childcare policy system in China, we should provide the families with childcare needs with parenting leave and childcare service by formal policies;provide more childcare support for the family by multi-sector participation.

关 键 词：儿童照顾 育儿支援政策 日本 

分 类 号：C924.313[社会学—人口学]