穆斯林兄弟会与沙特关系的演变及影响  

The Relationship Between Muslim Brotherhood and Saudi Arabia Evolution and Influences

作　　者：陈丽蓉 CHEN Lirong(Department of World History,Graduate School of Social Science of Chinese Academy)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院世界历史系,北京102488

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2021年第1期23-43,156,157,共23页Arab World Studies

摘　　要：自1932年沙特建国以来,穆斯林兄弟会在沙特经历了初步发展、扩张和衰退三个阶段。二者从合作与相互利用的盟友关系逐渐演变为疏远与对抗的敌对关系。一方面,逃亡到沙特避难的穆兄会成员曾在帮助沙特政权反制埃及纳赛尔政权、推行泛伊斯兰主义战略等方面发挥了重要作用;另一方面,穆兄会成员在一定程度上促成了沙特宗教政治反对派的兴起,影响和培育了一批接受库特布思想的极端分子,对沙特政权的稳固及其国家安全造成了冲击。中东剧变以来,穆兄会势力的壮大削弱了沙特的地区影响力,制约了沙特外交政策的实施,导致沙特面临的地区安全环境进一步恶化。穆兄会与沙特关系的破裂直接反映出前者对沙特内政外交构成的威胁,是穆兄会思想与瓦哈比教义内在矛盾的逻辑结果。Since the establishment of Saudi Arabia in 1932,the Muslim Brotherhood has experienced three stages of initial development,expansion and decline in Saudi Arabia.The relationship between Saudi Arabia and Muslim Brotherhood gradually evolved from an alliance of cooperation and mutual use to a hostile relationship of alienation and confrontation.The members of the Muslim Brotherhood who fled and sought refuge in Saudi Arabia have played an important role in helping the Saudi regime counter the Nasser regime in Egypt and implementing pan-Islamism strategies.But at the same time,the members of the Muslim Brotherhood have also contributed to the emergence of Saudi religious and political opposition to a certain extent,influencing and nurturing a group of extremists who accept Sayyid Qtub's religious extremist ideas,which had a negative impact on the stability of the Saudi regime and its national security.Since the Middle East upheavals in 2011,the growth of the Muslim Brotherhood has weakened Saudi Arabia's regional influence,restricted the implementation of Saudi foreign policy,and led to the further deterioration of the regional security environment facing Saudi Arabia.The broken relations between the Muslim Brotherhood and Saudi Arabia directly reflects the threat that the former poses to Saudi Arabia's internal affairs and diplomacy,and is the logical result of the inherent contradiction between the Muslim Brotherhood's thinking and the Wahhabi doctrine.

关 键 词：沙特 穆斯林兄弟会 瓦哈比派 泛伊斯兰主义 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]