钾离子电容器阳极材料的进展与展望  

Recent progress and prospects in anode materials for potassium-ion capacitors

作　　者：李桐 赵涵 李崇兴 余维清 石元昌[1] 王儒涛 LI Tong;ZHAO Han;LI Chongxing;YU Weiqing;SHI Yuanchang;WANG Rutao(Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials,Ministry of Education,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan,250061,China;Suzhou Institute of Shandong University,Suzhou,215123,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials,Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Taiyuan 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学材料科学与工程学院,山东济南250061 [2]山东大学苏州研究院,江苏苏州215123 [3]中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所炭材料重点实验室,山西太原030001

出　　处：《新型炭材料》2021年第2期253-277,共25页New Carbon Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(No.51902188);江苏省自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(No.BK20190207);山东省重点研发计划项目(2019JZZY010355);中国科学院炭材料重点实验室开放课题资助项目(No.KLCMKFJJ2006).

摘　　要：钾离子电容器(PICs)是与锂离子电容器和钠离子电容器相比极具竞争力和发展前景的一种储能设备。PICs结合了电池式阳极和电容式阴极的优点,具有成本低、能量密度高、功率密度高、循环寿命长等优点。然而,在PICs中一直存在正负极比容量和动力学不匹配的问题。前期研究证明,合理选择电极材料并对其进行优化是解决这一问题的有效手段之一。本文对PICs阳极材料的研究进展进行了综述,主要包括插入型负极材料和转换型负极材料。主要讨论了炭材料(石墨、软炭、硬炭等)、KTO、MXenes、K2TP等插入型材料和金属硫化物/硒化物、金属磷化物、NASICON型磷酸盐等转化型材料。对半电池和PICs中不同电极的制备方法、结构特点和电化学性能进行总结,并进一步展望了PICs未来的发展机遇和挑战。Potassium-ion capacitors(PICs)are promising energy storage devices,which are competitive with lithium-ion and sodium ion capacitors.PICs combine the advantages of a battery-type anode and a capacitive cathode,resulting in a low cost,high energy density,high power density and long cycle life.However,there is still a mismatch between the anode and cathode materials for achieving the optimum specific capacity and kinetics in PICs.Early studies have shown that the careful selection of electrode materials and their optimization is an effective way to solve this problem.We focus on the development of PIC anode materials including insertion-type and conversion-type materials.The insertion-type materials include carbon materials(graphite,soft carbons,hard carbons,etc.),K-based titanates,MXenes,and dipotassium terephthalate.The conversion-type materials include metal sulfides/selenides,metal phosphides and sodium super ionic conductor-type phosphates(NASICON).Their preparation,structural characteristics,electrochemical performance as anode materials in half-cell and PIC devices are summarized and discussed.The future prospects and challenges of PICs are also considered.

关 键 词：钾离子电容器 炭材料 阳极 能量储存设备 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]