中国B类风场中水平轴风力机尾流特性研究  

Research on Wake Characteristics of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in China's Class B Wind Field

作　　者：李德顺[1,2] 臧志昭 黄涛 李银然 郭涛[1] 朱彦维 LI De-shun;ZANG Zhi-zhao;HUANG Tao;LI Yin-ran;GUO Tao;ZHU Yan-wei(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Gansu Wind Turbine Engineering Technology Research Center,Lanzhou 730050,China;Cscec Aecom Consultants Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]甘肃省风力机工程技术研究中心,甘肃兰州730050 [3]中国市政工程西北设计研究院有限公司,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《液压气动与密封》2021年第4期30-36,共7页Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51766009,51566011);国家基础研究计划(973计划)(2014CB046201)。

摘　　要：通过对中国B类风场平均风剖面来流条件下的风力机进行大涡模拟,研究风力机的尾流特性。研究发现,对于尾流时均轴向速度,速度剖面在1~7D范围内呈非对称“W”形分布,随着尾流继续向后发展,“W”逐渐演化为“S”形。由于风剪切效应影响,尾流轴向速度垂直剖面以轮毂中心线呈不对称性分布,尾流下半部区域较上半部区域的轴向速度恢复更快。对于轮毂中心线高度的尾流轴向速度,最大亏损发生在7D位置,最大亏损率为24.8%。距离风轮越远,尾流湍动能变化幅度和平均湍动能均逐渐减小。在下游1~9D范围内,出现了规律性的湍流结构,随着尾流逐渐远离风轮,小尺度高频湍流结构逐渐向大尺度低频湍流结构演化。By conducting large eddy simulations of wind turbines under the average wind profile of the China's Class B wind field,the characteristics of the wake of the wind turbine were studied.It is found that for the average axial velocity of the wake,the velocity profile is in the range of 1~7D Asymmetrical“W”shape distribution,as the wake continues to develop backwards,“W”gradually evolves into an“S”shape.Due to the wind shear effect,the vertical profile of wake axial velocity is asymmetrically distributed at the height of the hub center,and there is a phenomenon that the wake velocity near the ground recovers faster.For the axial speed at the height of the hub,the maximum loss occurs at the 7D position,and the maximum loss rate is 24.8%.The farther away from the wind wheel,the change of wake turbulent kinetic energy gradually decreases,and the average turbulent kinetic energy also gradually decreases.In the range of 1~9D downstream,a regular turbulent structure appears.As the wake gradually moves away from the wind wheel,the small-scale high-frequency turbulent structure gradually evolves to the large-scale low-frequency turbulent structure.

关 键 词：水平轴风力机 中国B类风场 尾流特性 研究 

分 类 号：TH138[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH312