驱动犁翻与反转旋耕组合式油菜直播种床整理机设计与试验  

Design and field test of rapeseed direct-seeding seedbed preparation machine combined driving type disc ploughing with reverse rotary tilling

作　　者：孙文成 廖庆喜[1,2] 张青松 卜祥利[1] 魏国粱 何坤 SUN Wencheng;LIAO Qingxi;ZHANG Qingsong;BU Xiangli;WEI Guoliang;HE Kun(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2021年第2期67-76,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家油菜产业技术体系专项(CARS-12);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2019CFB153);湖北省农业科技创新行动专项。

摘　　要：针对稻-油轮作区秸秆茬高量大、土壤黏重板结且含水量波动大的作业工况,考虑单一功能耕作机械多次进地压实土壤且作业功耗大的生产实际问题,提出“犁组左翻埋茬、刀辊反转碎土、犁铧两侧开沟”的油菜种植种床整理工艺方案,并研制了一种驱动犁翻与反转旋耕组合式油菜直播种床整理机。该机主要由驱动圆盘犁组、反转旋耕刀辊、开畦沟前犁、开畦沟后犁、平土托板等部件组成,可实现厢面平整、种床细碎、秸秆还田、开沟作畦等功能,分析了各耕作部件的空间布局设计原则,确定了驱动圆盘犁组与反转旋耕刀辊的结构参数与工作参数。田间试验结果表明:该机作业后的种床耕深、畦沟沟深、畦沟沟宽、厢面平整度、种床碎土率以及秸秆埋覆率的均值分别为173.2 mm、190.2 mm、401.4 mm、11.6 mm、95.9%和90.2%,种床耕深稳定性系数、畦沟的沟深稳定性系数和沟宽稳定性系数的均值分别为85.6%、86.7%和84.6%,满足油菜机械化直播种床整理农艺要求。A kind of seedbed preparation technology scheme consisted of“left-turn disc plough group burying stubble,reverse rotary knife roll crushing soil,side mounted plough ditching furrow”was put forward to resolve the working conditions of high rice stubble,heavy soil adhesion and large fluctuation of water content in the rice-rapeseed rotation area and the production practice that the single function tillage machine is not conducive to scramble for farming time and compacts soil as it repeatedly works in the fields.A kind of rapeseed direct-seeding seedbed preparation machine combined driving type disc ploughing with reverse rotary tilling was designed.The machine is mainly composed of driving disc plough group,reverse rotary blade roller,front ditch plough and rear ditch plough and soil-flated plate,which can realize the functions of surface flatting,seedbed crushing,straw burying and furrow ditching.The spatial layout design principle of each tillage part was analyzed.The structure and working parameters of the driving type disc plough group and the counter-rotating cutter roller were determined.The result of field test showed that the average value of tillage depth,furrow depth,furrow width,compartment flatness,the rate of soil pulverizing and straw burying in seedbed after preparation machine operation was 173.2 mm,190.2 mm,401.4 mm,11.6 mm,95.9%and 90.2%,respectively.The average value of stability coefficient of tillage depth,furrow depth and furrow width was 85.6%,86.7%and 84.6%,respectively.It can meet the agronomic requirements of seedbed preparation for rapeseed mechanized direct-seeding.

关 键 词：油菜直播 种床整理 组合式耕整机 驱动犁翻 圆盘犁 反转旋耕 稻-油轮作 联合作业 

分 类 号：S222.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]