油菜种床整备开畦沟仿靴形锐角开沟犁设计与试验  

Design and test of a boot-like acute angle furrow plough for preparing ditch of rapeseed seedbed

作　　者：卜祥利 廖庆喜[1] 孙文成 魏国粱 张青松[1] 王鹏程 BU Xiangli;LIAO Qingxi;SUN Wencheng;WEI Guoliang;ZHANG Qingsong;WANG Pengcheng(College of Engineering/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院/农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2021年第2期77-84,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家油菜产业技术体系专项(CARS-12);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2019CFB153);湖北省农业科技创新行动项目。

摘　　要：针对长江中下游土壤黏重板结、含水率波动大及前茬水稻秸秆留存量大的复杂工况和油菜种植需开畦沟的生产要求,研制了油菜机械直播种床整备开畦沟仿靴形锐角开沟犁。选择平滑抛物线作为滑切刃口曲线,开展仿靴形锐角开沟犁三面楔建模和犁体与土壤相互作用动力学分析,确定滑切刃口曲线的滑切角范围为23°~67°、犁体入土角为30°、犁尖张角为60°,挡土板的长度为400 mm,翼板倾角为40°~79.2°。田间试验表明,仿靴形锐角开沟犁可开出沟宽为200~400 mm、沟深为175~250 mm的梯形沟,沟宽及沟深稳定性均达90%以上,且翼板倾角为46°、开沟深度为183 mm、作业速度为0.6 m/s时,开沟作业效果满足油菜种植农艺要求。In view of the complex conditions of soil stickiness and compaction,large fluctuations of soil water content,large retention of previous rice straw,and the production requirements of furrow for rapeseed planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,a furrow plough with boot shape and sharp angle was developed to mechanically prepare ditch for rapeseed seedbed.A smooth parabola was selected as the sliding edge curve,and a three-sided wedge model of the imitating boot-shaped acute-angled furrowing plough was established.Simultaneously,the dynamic analyses of the interaction between the plough body and the soil were carried out.Results showed that the sliding angle of the sliding cutting edge curve ranged from 23°to 67°,the plow body entry angle was 30°,the plow tip opening angle was 60°,the length of the retaining plate was 400 mm,and the wing angle varied from 40°to 79.2°.Results of field trials showed that the shoe-shaped acute-angle ditching plow can produce trapezoidal grooves with a width and depth of 200-400 mm and 175-250 mm,respectively.The stability of the groove width and depth was 90.6%and 92.4%,respectively.After the unit operation,the soil adhesion capacity of plough was 238 g on average and no grass choked the plough,indicating that the unit has good feasibility.Fin inclination angle,furrow depth,and operating speed significantly affected working quality of ditching(such as soil return quantity)in the increasing order of fin inclination angle,furrow depth,and operating speed.Furthermore,an orthogonal experiment with Design-Expert software was designed to obtain the optimal combination of parameters.The optimized parameters were wing angle of 46.22°,ditching depth of 183.06 mm,and operating speed of 0.6 m/s.Under this condition,soil return quantity was 2.34%.In order to verify the feasibility of the optimization,a field experiment with a wing angle of 46°,a ditching depth of 183 mm,and operating speed of 0.6 m/s was carried out in the demonstration base of whole-process mechaniz

关 键 词：油菜直播机 种床整备 开沟犁 仿靴形 耕整地 机械开沟 

分 类 号：S222.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]