电动和手动喷雾器在甜玉米田间喷雾的农药利用率及雾滴分布比较  

Comparison of Utilization Rates and Droplets Distribution of Pesticides in Corn Field Sprayed by Electric and Manual Sprayers

作　　者：白豫博 陈锐明 黄爱玲 路征 张永梅 林壁润[5] 郑奕雄 BAI Yubo;CHEN Ruiming;HUANG Ailing;LU Zheng;ZHANG Yongmei;LIN Birun;ZHENG Yixiong(College of Agriculture and Biology,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China;Agricultural Environmental Protection and Rural Energy Station of Huiyang District,Huizhou 516211,China;Agricultural Technology Management Center of Huadu District,Guangzhou 510800,China;Guangdong Branch of China Tobacco Corporation,Guangzhou 510610,China;Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of High Technique for Plant Protection,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院农业与生物学院,广东广州510225 [2]惠州市惠阳区农业环保与农村能源站,广东惠州516211 [3]广州市花都区农业技术管理中心,广东广州510800 [4]中国烟草总公司广东省公司,广东广州510610 [5]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第3期115-122,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：世界银行贷款广东农业面源污染治理项目(MYWRZL-ZX1902);广东省烟草科技项目(粤烟科项201802,粤烟科项201908);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队项目(2019KJ112)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较手动和电动喷雾器在甜玉米田间喷施农药的利用率及药液雾滴分布差异。【方法】在广东省博罗县(福田镇和龙华镇)及惠州市惠阳区(平塘镇和良井镇)的甜玉米田间开展小区农药利用率试验,供试药剂分别为5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂和2%甲维盐微乳剂。农药喷施采用诱惑红示踪法,田间取样采用五点取样法,雾滴沉积和分布采用滤纸和卡纸反映测定,诱惑浓度采用分光光度计(501 nm)法测定。【结果】氯虫苯甲酰胺、乙基多杀菌素和甲维盐3种药液使用电动喷雾器喷施的利用率分别为40.22%、41.57%和39.99%,使用手动喷雾器喷施的利用率分别为31.63%、31.26%和30.20%,电动喷雾器处理显著高于手动喷雾器处理。雾滴沉积分布结果表明:手动和电动喷雾器处理均是自上而下逐渐递减,且电动喷雾器在玉米植株上的沉积效果好于手动喷雾器处理。雾滴覆盖面积结果表明:两种喷雾器处理后中层单个雾滴面积均显著高于下层处理,同时手动喷雾器处理的中层单个雾滴面积显著高于电动喷雾器处理。雾滴数量结果表明:电动喷雾器处理的中层和下层雾滴数量均显著高于手动喷雾器对应处理。【结论】电动喷雾器在广东省甜玉米喇叭口期喷施3种不同农药的利用率均高于39.99%,比手动喷雾器处理提高8.59%~10.31%,且电动喷雾器的雾化效果优于手动喷雾器,能更好地防治甜玉米病虫害。【Objective】The utilization rate and droplet distribution of pesticide sprayed by manual and electric sprayers in sweet corn fields were compared.【Method】Plot experiments on pesticide utilization rates were carried out in sweet corn fields in Boluo County(Futian Town and Longhua Town)and Huiyang District(Pingtang Town and Liangjing Town)in Guangdong Province,and the pesticides included 5%chlorfenzobenzamide suspension concentrate(SC),60 g/L spinetoram suspension concentrate(SC)and 2%emamectin benzoate micro-emulsion(ME).The pesticide spraying was performed by the seduction red tracer method,the field sampling was performed by the five-point sampling method,the fog-drop deposition and distribution were measured by filter paper and cardboard reflection,and the seduction concentration was determined by spectrophotometer(501nm)method.【Result】The utilization rates of chlorfenzobenzamide,spinetoram and emamectin benzoate sprayed by electric sprayer were 40.22%,41.57%and 39.99%,respectively,and the utilization rates of manual spray were 31.63%,31.26%and 30.20%,respectively.The effect of electric sprayer treatment was significantly greater than that of manual sprayer treatment.The droplet deposition distribution results showed that both of deposition effects of manual and electric sprayer treatments gradually decreased from top to bottom,and the deposition effect of electric sprayer on corn plants was better than that of manual sprayer treatment.The results of droplet coverage area showed that the single droplet area in the middle layer of the two sprayer treatments was significantly higher than that in the lower layer,and the single droplet area in the middle layer of the manual sprayer was significantly higher than that under the electric sprayer treatment.The results showed that the number of droplets in the middle layer and the lower layer treated by the electric sprayer was significantly higher than that of the manual sprayer treatment.【Conclusion】The utilization rate of three different pesticides spr

关 键 词：喷雾器 农药利用率 氯虫苯甲酰胺 乙基多杀菌素 甲维盐 农药沉积 雾滴 

分 类 号：S491[农业科学—植物保护]