基于动作捕捉、压力分布和sEMG技术的办公坐姿舒适性研究  

Comparison of sitting postures based on motion capture,pressure distribution and sEMG for finding the optimal sitting posture

作　　者：苏娜[1] 热依汗古丽·木沙[2] 木叶赛尔·买买提 李兆波[2] 陶庆[2] SU Na;REYIHANGULI Musha;MUYESAIER Maimaiti;LI Zhaobo;TAO Qing(Department of Medical Testing Center,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830054,China;School of Mechanic Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830047,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学第一附属医院医学检验中心,乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆大学机械工程学院,乌鲁木齐830047

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2021年第2期176-182,共7页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51865056,51465056,51968069)。

摘　　要：长时间保持不良坐姿会增加腰痛(LBP)的发生几率,尽管目前有很多研究揭示了腰痛的产生原因,但对于最佳坐姿的选择尚无明确的研究结论。本研究通过对比多维度坐姿舒适性指标,研究找出最佳坐位方式以减少腰痛发生的几率。挑选20名志愿者参与了实验数据采集,采用肢体动作追踪方法、臀部压力分布测量方法和背部肌肉表面肌电信号分析方法对比研究座椅前端直立坐姿(NBSP)、座椅靠背坐姿(BSP)和加入腰靠后靠背坐姿(LPSP)的舒适程度,探究靠背坐姿与非靠背坐姿的舒适性程度以及检验通过增加腰部支撑能否提高坐姿舒适性。结果表明:靠背坐姿对比前端直立坐姿颈部角度平均变化减少5.8%,腰部的角度变化率更低,即人体靠背坐姿时肢体活动度更少,肌肉激活更低;靠背坐姿对比前端直立坐姿臀部压力峰值平均减少17.2%,并且加入腰靠后压力峰值平均减少27.6%,即更低的压力峰值表明臀部局部不适感更低;靠背坐姿的背部肌肉激活程度相比前端坐姿更低,肌肉疲劳度更小。因此,建议办公人员采用靠背坐姿,并且选择一个合适的腰靠提供给背部足够的支撑,提高坐姿舒适性,可有效减轻和预防腰痛。Maintaining a poor posture for a long time will increase the incidence of low back pain(LBP).Although there are many studies that have revealed the cause of LBP,there is no clear research conclusion on the choice of the best sitting posture.This study compared the comfort of multi-dimensional sitting posture indicators,and found the optimal sitting position to reduce the chance of LPB in the data collection of the experiment.The method of body movement tracking,hip pressure distribution measurement technology and surface electromyography(sEM G) signal acquisition technology were adopted to compare the degree of comfort of the no back support upright sitting posture(NBSP),backrest sitting posture(BSP) and add the comfort level of the backrest sitting position(LPSP).This study attempted to explore the degree of comfort between backrest and non-backrest sitting and test whether the sitting comfort can be improved by increasing lumbar support.The results showed that the three working movements that had been designed for sitting postures were obtained through motion capture technology.The average change of the neck angle between the backrest sitting posture and the front upright sitting posture was reduced by 5.8%,and the waist angle change rate was lower.In other words,when the human body was sitting on the back,there was less body movement and lower muscle activation.The pressure sensor was used to examine the hip pressure distribution of three different sitting positions.The peak pressure of the backrest sitting compared to the front upright sitting position was reduced by17.2%,and the peak pressure after adding the waist was reduced by 27.6%.This data indicated that the lower the peak pressure,the lower the local discomfort in the buttocks.The surface EMG signal was used to collect the EMG signals of the four main sitting muscles of the back.The activation of the back muscles in the backrest sitting position was lower than the front sitting position,and the muscle fatigue was less.Therefore,it is recommended that

关 键 词：坐姿 腰痛 靠背 舒适性 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TB472[一般工业技术—工业设计]