异化理论视域下的女性意象——基于《资本论》的文本分析  

“Alienated Females”—Analysis Based on the Text of Das Kapital

作　　者：李家懿 项佐涛[1] LI Jia-yi;XIANG Zuo-tao(School of International Relations,Peking University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院,北京100084

出　　处：《南通大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期23-31,共9页Journal of Nantong University:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：《资本论》第一卷中包含多处对无产阶级工人在工场手工业背景下劳动和生活境遇的描绘,其中不乏对女性意象的刻画,马克思将之作为例证来说明异化劳动、机器与大生产以及剩余价值理论在实践中的呈现。尽管《资本论》在理论建构和阐释上与《1844年经济学哲学手稿》《詹姆斯·穆勒〈政治经济学原理〉摘要》等有显著区别和发展,但异化劳动理论的内涵逻辑与早期著作存在呼应和印证,而非绝对的"推翻"或"断裂",涉及女性意象的文本从一个侧面为这种呼应提供了佐证。马克思的女性解放思想对后世女权主义的发展有积极的影响,但不应忽视其出发点是将女性作为经济活动和社会关系中的一个子集。立足于解放全人类的政治经济学分析,这与女性主义流派从"女性"单一主体视角出发的分析方法存在根本区别。Das Kapital covers observation and analyses of the capitalistic political and economic development worldwide.The vast discussion in the text also includes the depiction of the living conditions of working class women in the context of workshop and handicraft industrial era,as a manifestation of the economic rules behind machines and mass production,as well as the theory of surplus value.The internal and logical essence of these depictions presents consistency with the alienation theory posed and discussed in the author’s previous works such as Economic&Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 and Glossen zu James Mill.Compared to Marx’s earlier publications,the methodology and theoretical horizon was further developed and differentiated in Das Kapital.However,descriptions of the working class females in Das Capital still provides reflections and proof of alienation theory in the real world practice,which also contributes to the further understanding of Marx’s opinion on women’s liberation.

关 键 词：《资本论》 女性 异化理论 唯物史观 

分 类 号：D440[政治法律—政治学] A811[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]