快递包装物回收利用的制度困境与规范进路  

The System Dilemma and Standardized Approaches of Recycling Express Packages

作　　者：秦鹏[1] 徐海俊 QIN Peng;XU Hai-jun(Law School,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《南通大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期109-121,共13页Journal of Nantong University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“生产者责任延伸制度的理论与实践”(14JJD820009);国家社会科学基金项目“环境健康风险权衡规制的法律构造研究”(20XFX018)。

摘　　要：在当下回收利用机制下快递包装物已成为新型环境公害,其根源在于:一是社会主体基于非环保的资源认识和消费理念,将具有固定物特质的快递包装物错置为消费物导致垃圾围城涌现;二是生产者未全面履行生产者延伸责任、大部分使用者未承担污染者付费责任导致责任分配失衡;三是整体制度形成了奥尔森困境。基于奥尔森集体困境破解方案、《民法典》及新修订的《固体废物污染环境防治法》为快递包装物的绿色化和回收利用提供的规范基础,建议法律制度体系更新立法理念、规范法律概念的使用、完善激励性和强制性规范、加强政策与法律的互动,将快递包装物作为共享物品来供给、优化回收利用路径、平衡回收责任分配、促进资源回收利益的合理流动。Express packaging has become a new environmental hazard under the current recycling mechanism.The root causes of the problem are:firstly,based on the non-environmental protection resource understanding and consumption concept,the social subjects misplace the express packages with the characteristics of fixed goods as consumer goods,resulting in the emergence of garbage siege;secondly,the producers do not fully fulfill the extended producer responsibility,and most users do not bear the paying responsibility of polluters,which leads to the imbalance of responsibility distribution;Thirdly,the whole system has formed Olsen’s dilemma.Based on the solution to Olsen’s collective dilemma,the civil code and the newly revised law on the prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste,this paper proposes that the legal system should update the legislative concept,standardize the use of legal concepts,improve the incentive and mandatory norms,and strengthen the interaction between policy and law.We should supply express packaging as shared goods,optimize the recycling path,balance the distribution of recycling responsibility,and promote the reasonable flow of resource recycling benefits.

关 键 词：快递包装物 回收利用 生态消费 奥尔森困境 共享物品 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]