湖北省油菜生长发育期间气象条件的年度变化分析  

Analysis on Annual Changes of Meteorological Conditions for Growth and Development of Rapeseed in Hubei

作　　者：邓环[1] 秦鹏程[1] 刘志雄[1] 邓爱娟[1] 汤阳[1] 肖玮钰[1] 万素琴[1] DENG Huan;QIN Peng-cheng;LIU Zhi-xiong;DENG Ai-juan;TANG Yang;XIAO Wei-yu;WAN Su-qin(Wuhan Regional Climate Center,Wuhan 430074,PRC)

机构地区：[1]武汉区域气候中心,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2021年第2期33-37,44,共6页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2020年中央财政部“乡村振兴”专项(1410190300000171604)。

摘　　要：为了明确气象因素对油菜正常生长的影响,更好地指导油菜生产,对2019-2020年度湖北省油菜生长发育期间气象条件进行了分析。结果表明:2019-2020年度湖北省油菜播种期—苗期遭遇了历史罕见的夏秋连旱,导致冬前油菜长势较差,但光照条件好,总体气象条件与上年度相当;越冬期平均气温明显偏高,生育期较上年度提前5 d左右,但雨量和光照条件比上年度好,冻害日数比上年度少,总体气象条件好于上年度;抽薹现蕾期—角果成熟期光温水气候资源比上年度好,气象灾害情况(蕾薹期冻害、花期冻害、大风灾害等)与上年度相当,菌核病发生的适宜气象条件与上年度相当,总体气象条件好于上年度。In order to understand meteorological factors affecting the growth and development of rapeseed and provide advices for its production,the meteorological conditions for the whole growth and development stage of rapeseed in Hubei province in 2019-2020 were analyzed.The results showed that from sowing to seedling stage,Hubei rapeseed encountered the unusually successive drought in history from summer to autumn in 2019-2020,which resulted in the weak growing performance of rapeseed before winter,but there was an enough sunlight,so the overall meteorological conditions were comparable to those of the previous year.During the overwintering stage,there was an obviously higher average temperature and the growth period was about 5 days earlier than the previous year;due to more suitable rainfall,much more sunlight and less freezing injury,generally the meteorological conditions in 2019-2020 were better than in 2018-2019;from the bolting-budding period to the silique-maturing period,climate resources(light,temperature,water,etc.,)were better than the previous year;the meteorological disasters(freezing injury in bolting period,freezing injury in flowering period,gale disaster,etc.)were comparable to the previous year;the suitable meteorological conditions triggering the occurrence of Sclerotinia stem rot were similar to the previous year.According to the comparative analysis,meteorological conditions for the whole growth and development stage of rapeseed in 2019-2020 were better than in 2018-2019.

关 键 词：湖北省 油菜 生长发育 气象条件 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学] S162.5