基层农技服务供给模式的变迁与小农的技术获取困境  

Changes in the Supply Mode of Basic Agricultural Technology Services and the Dilemma of Farmers’ Technology Acquisition

作　　者：孙明扬 SUN Mingyang

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,武汉430073

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2021年第3期40-52,共13页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新型城镇化建设的法治保障研究”(编号:16ZDA062)。

摘　　要：在农业转型的背景下,小农户存在修正既有生产方式和获取日常性生产指导的技术刚需。但基层农技服务供给却呈现了"行政上移与市场主导"的双重特征。农业部门不再建设基层服务力量,县级提供的公益性技术服务以回应国家农业政策导向为核心,而彻底偏离了农民的生产技术需求。以技术为辅助性销售手段的农资经销体系成为了乡村社会的技术主导。这种以"卖货"为核心的技术供给模式,虽然一定程度上拓展了农民的技术服务资源,却加剧了小农户的技术获取困境,并直接影响农民的生产方式:技术服务的极度碎片化使得农民生产过程中技术与技术、技术与实践之间的协调性极差;技术供给内容异化不断提高生产资料成本和生产难度;更为重要的是农资经销体系的转型使得小农户进一步被农技服务市场边缘化。因而,基层农技服务体系迫切需要廓清行政主体和市场主体的功能,并建设有效的乡村服务力量,以保证小农户与农业技术的有效衔接。Farmers need to modify existing production methods and obtain daily production guidance under the background of the Agrarian transformation.However, the supply of grass-roots agricultural technology services has the dual characteristics of "administrative upward movement and market-led".The agricultural sector no longer builds grassroots service forces, and the public technical services provided are centered on responding to the national agricultural policy, while completely deviating from farmers’ production technology needs.The agricultural material distribution system that uses technology as an auxiliary sales method has become the technology leader of the rural society.Although this technology supply model cored on "selling goods" expands the farmers’ technical service resources to a certain extent, it aggravates the plight of farmers’ technology acquisition and directly affects the farmers’ production methods.The extreme fragmentation of technical services leads to the poor coordination between technology and technology, technology and practice in farmers’ production process.Alienation of technology supply content continuously raises the cost of production materials and difficulty.More importantly, the transformation of the agricultural input market has made farmers further marginalized by the agricultural technology service market.Therefore, the agricultural service system urgently needs to clarify the functions of administrative and market entities, and build an effective rural service force to ensure the effective connection between farmers and agricultural technology.

关 键 词：农业转型 农业技术服务 农资市场 小农生产 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]