论毛泽东的对美方略(1954—1970)  

On Mao Zedong′s Strategy towards the United States(1954—1970)

作　　者：王悦之 郭媛媛 WANG Yue-zhi;GUO Yuan-yuan(School of History and Culture,Yan′an University,Yan′an 71600,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]延安大学历史文化学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《延安大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期113-119,共7页Journal of Yan'an University (Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：陕西省教育厅科研计划重点项目“近代以来陕北地区乡村治理变迁研究”(18JZ063);延安大学博士科研启动项目“近代以来陕北地区乡村治理变迁研究”(YDBK2017-40)。

摘　　要：1954—1970年的中美关系属于特殊的冷战共处阶段,尽管中共领导人迫切期待和平稳定的国内外环境,但如何应对、处理和化解早已形成全球霸权的美国敌意,却是中国长期无法回避的艰巨的外交困境和重大的政治课题。毛泽东以一种“不怕鬼”的斗争精神,在世界范围内力主“破除迷信”,消解“崇美症”和“恐美症”,构建最广泛的国际统一战线,坚决竖起反对美帝国主义的大旗。但同时中美之间又心照不宣地恪守了避免再次发生战争的底线。毛泽东的这种“斗而不破”的对美方略,最终实现了“破壁外交”的胜利,赢得了包括对手在内的尊重,印证了“以斗争求团结则团结存”的道理。The relationship between China and the United States from 1954 to 1970 was a special period of Cold War coexistence.Although the leaders of the Communist Party of China were eager for a peaceful and stable environment at home and abroad,how to deal with and dissolve the hostility of the United States,which had already formed the global hegemony,was an arduous diplomatic dilemma and a major political issue that China could not avoid for a long time.With a spirit of“not afraid of ghosts”,Mao Zedong urged to“abolish superstition”and“worship for the United States”and“fear of the United States”around the world,forming the broadest possible international united front,resolutely raise the banner of liberation against US imperialism.But at the same time,China and the United States have tacitly adhered to the bottom line of avoiding another war.Mao Zedong′s strategy of“fighting but not breaking”towards the United States finally achieved the victory of“breaking the wall diplomacy”,won the respect of opponents and others,and proved the truth that“unity through struggle is unity”.

关 键 词：毛泽东 中美关系 斗争哲学 国际统一战线 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学]