春箭筈豌豆新品种“兰箭3号”选育与特性评价  

Breeding of Lanjian No.3 common vetch and evaluation of its characteristics

作　　者：南志标[1] 王彦荣[1] 聂斌[1] 李春杰[1] 张卫国[1] 夏超[1] NAN Zhi-biao;WANG Yan-rong;NIE Bin;LI Chun-jie;ZHANG Wei-guo;XIA Chao(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业学报》2021年第4期111-120,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省“九五”、“十五”重点攻关项目(GK971-2-33A,2GS972-A41-056);国家973计划项目(2007CB108902);甘肃省“十三五”重大项目资助。

摘　　要：针对青藏高原草地畜牧业生产缺少优良豆科牧草的现状,从国际干旱地区农业研究中心(ICARDA)引进了育种材料,开展了春箭筈豌豆新品种选育。采用单株选择与混合选择相结合的方法,历时12年,育成"兰箭3号"春箭筈豌豆新品种。新品种显著的特性是早熟和种子产量高。在海拔3000 m的甘肃省甘南藏族自治州夏河县,连续多年的测定表明,平均生育期为100 d,生育期范围为92~106 d,平均种子产量为2023 kg·hm^(-2)。比对照品种333/A生育期短13 d,种子产量高174.9%。新品种牧草产量也较高,平均2769 kg·hm^(-2),与对照品种相近。在陇东黄土高原夏播,作为短期轮作作物,牧草产量达3214 kg·hm^(-2),比对照品种高14.3%。新品种可作为青藏高原地区的优良豆科牧草品种,也可用作传统农耕区的短期轮作或绿肥作物品种。A common vetch(Vicia sativa)breeding program was started in 1999 using germplasm materials introduced from the International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA).The objective was to develop cultivars adapted to the alpine grassland conditions to improve the degree to which nutritional requirements of livestock production at Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau could be met.After 12 years of continuous effort,a new cultivar named Lanjian No.3 was developed through a combination of single plant selection and bulk selection.The most prominent characteristics of the new cultivar are early maturity and higher seed yield.The mean number of days required from seedling emergence to seed maturation was only 100 days with a range of 92 to 106 days,and the mean seed yield was 2023 kg·ha^(-1),when it was grown in Xiahe county of Gansu province,China,a typical alpine grassland where the elevation is 3000 meters above sea level.Compared with a reference cultivar 333/A,the mean growing days to maturity was 13 days shorter and seed yield was 174.9%higher.The mean herbage dry matter yield of Lanjian No.3 is 2769 kg·ha^(-1),which is similar to the reference cultivar.Its herbage dry matter yield was 3214 kg·ha^(-1)(14.3%higher than 333/A)when grown in summer as a cover crop on the Loess Plateau.Therefore,it is concluded that Lanjian No.3 is a productive new cultivar for the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.It also could be used as a short-term rotation crop or green manure crop in traditional crop production regions.

关 键 词：豆科牧草 青藏高原 箭筈豌豆 兰箭3号 

分 类 号：S542.9[农业科学—作物学]