饲养水平对阿勒泰羊胃肠道发育、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物区系的影响  

Effects of feeding level on the gastrointestinal development,rumen fermentation and

作　　者：李宏 宋淑珍[1] 高良霜 郎侠[1] 刘立山 宫旭胤[1] 魏玉兵 吴建平[1,3] LI Hong;SONG Shu-zhen;GAO Liang-shuang;LANG Xia;LIU Li-shan;GONG Xu-yin;WEI Yu-bing;WU Jian-ping(Institute of Livestock and Green Agriculture Research,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Cattle and Sheep Germplasm and Straw Feed in Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Gan-su Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of New Rural Development Research,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Pingshanhu,Zhangye 734000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所,甘肃省牛羊种质与秸秆饲料化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]西北师范大学新农村发展研究院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]平山湖蒙古族乡畜牧兽医站,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《草业学报》2021年第4期180-190,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460592,31960673)资助。

摘　　要：为研究饲养水平对阿勒泰羊胃肠道发育、瘤胃发酵参数、消化酶活性及瘤胃微生物区系的影响,选取月龄相近(3~3.5月龄)、体重均一(19.16±0.54)kg、臀型一致、健康状况良好的阿勒泰母羔羊30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,自由采食60 d后,参照NRC(2007)饲养标准中维持能量(Em)需要,3个组分别按1.5Em(0.75 MJ·kg^(-1)W~(0.75))、1.0Em(0.50 MJ·kg^(-1)W~(0.75))和0.5Em(0.25 MJ·kg^(-1)W~(0.75))饲喂30 d。结果表明:1)随饲养水平的降低,羔羊全胃、瘤胃、小肠的重量逐渐降低,且1.5Em组全胃、瘤胃、小肠重量和瘤胃指数显著高于1.0Em和0.5Em组(P<0.05),1.5Em和1.0Em组小肠长度和小肠指数显著高于0.5Em组(P<0.05),但1.5Em和1.0Em组无显著差异(P>0.05);2)随饲养水平的降低,绵羊瘤胃液pH先升高后降低,1.5Em组pH显著低于0.5Em和1.0Em组(P<0.05),氨态氮(NH_3-N)含量逐渐降低但3组之间的差异不显著(P>0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)以及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、异丁酸、异戊酸含量1.0Em组最低,且1.0Em组TVFA、乙酸、丙酸含量显著低于1.5Em和0.5Em组(P<0.05),丁酸、戊酸和乙酸/丙酸1.0Em和0.5Em组显著低于1.5Em组(P<0.05);3)随饲养水平的降低,瘤胃液消化酶活性降低,脂肪酶、蛋白酶活性1.5Em组显著高于1.0Em和0.5Em组(P<0.05),1.0Em和0.5Em组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),α-淀粉酶3组之间差异显著(P<0.05);4)瘤胃内容物中真菌、原虫的相对含量1.5Em组显著高于1.0Em和0.5Em组(P<0.05),但1.0Em和0.5Em组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、白色瘤胃球菌1.0Em组最低,显著低于1.5Em和0.5Em组(P<0.05),黄色瘤胃球菌3组之间无显著变化(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲养水平对阿勒泰羊胃肠道发育、瘤胃发酵参数、消化酶活性及瘤胃微生物区系都具有显著影响。The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of relative feeding level on rate of bodyweight gain,carcass dressing out performance,meat quality and organ development in Altay sheep.Thirty 3.0 to 3.5 month old Altay female lambs with a similar body weight of(19.16±10.54)kg and uniform tail size were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 lambs per group.After 60 days of adlibitum feeding,three differential feeding levels were imposed for a further 30 days.The differential feeding levels were calculated based on feeding standards published by the National Research Council,USA,in 2007,defining maintenance energy(Em)requirements and lambs in each group were fed diets supplying 1.5×(1.5 Em),1.0×(1.0 Em)or 0.5×(0.5 Em)the calculated Em(0.75,0.50 and 0.25 MJ metabolizable energy per kg0.75 body weight,respectively).It was found that:1)The weights of the whole stomach,rumen,and small intestine and a rumen size index decreased with decrease in feeding level,and the weights of the whole stomach,rumen and small intestine fed at 1.5 Em were significantly higher(P<0.05)than in groups fed 1.0 Em and 0.5 Em,while the length of small intestine and a small intestine size index in groups fed 1.5 Em and 1.0 Em were significantly increased(P<0.05)compared with the group fed 0.5 Em.And there was no significant difference between the 1.5 Em and the 1.0 Em groups(P>0.05).2)The pH of rumen fluid was highest in the 1.0 Em group and rumen pH for the group fed 1.5 Em was significantly lower(P<0.05)than both the 1.0 Em and 0.5 Em groups.NH3-N content decreased gradually with decrease feeding level,but the differences between the three groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Total volatile fatty acids(TVFA),acetic acid,propionic acid,butyric acid,valeric acid,isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid concentrations in rumen fluid of lambs fed 1.0 Em were the lowest,and rumen TVFA,acetic acid and propionic acid levels of lambs fed 1.0 Em were significantly lower(P<0.05)than in lambs fed 1.5 Em and 0.5 Em.The length of the sm

关 键 词：饲养水平 阿勒泰羊 胃肠道发育 发酵参数 消化酶 瘤胃微生物区系 

分 类 号：S826.5[农业科学—畜牧学]