不同颜色地膜对蒜田韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生的影响  

Effects of Colored Plastic Film on the Occurrence of Bradysia odoriphaga in Garlic Field

作　　者：王彩云 仇延鑫 李兆鹏 赵海朋[1] 王燕[1] 薛明[1] WANG Caiyun;QIU Yanxin;LI Zhaopeng;ZHAO Haipeng;WANG Yan;XUE Ming(College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an,Shandong 271018)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第7期14-19,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YED0200900)。

摘　　要：以山东秋蒜为试材,通过田间调查和室内试验研究了覆盖银灰、银黑、蓝色、黑色和透明5种颜色的地膜对蒜田韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的种群发生数量的影响,并测定分析不同地膜的反射光谱特性,探讨其防虫机制,以期为大蒜害虫的绿色防控提供参考依据。结果表明:蒜田覆盖银灰和银黑地膜较透明地膜显著降低韭蛆发生数量,每10株韭蛆发生数量分别为33.6头和12.8头,较透明地膜分别减少了63.8%和86.2%;田间成虫选择试验结果表明,韭菜迟眼蕈蚊成虫对银灰、银黑地膜的选择率最低,较透明地膜分别降低了26.2%和27.4%。室内成虫选择试验结果与田间成虫选择趋势一致。进一步测定反射光谱结果表明,银灰、银黑地膜的光反射率和反射光照强度显著高于其它颜色地膜,且其反射率在紫外光(380~400 nm)和黄绿光(512~607 nm)波段最高。综上所述,蒜田覆盖银灰、银黑地膜能显著减轻韭蛆的危害,这是由于韭菜迟眼蕈蚊对银灰和银黑地膜的选择率低,这可能与银灰、银黑地膜的特异光谱反射率以及高反射强度有关。The autumn garlic of Shandong was taken as the test material,with the field investigation and the laboratory test,the effect of different covering treatments(the silver gray,silver,black,blue,black and transparent)on the quantitative difference of Bradysia odoriphaga in garlic field was studied,and the reflection spectrum characteristics of different mulches was measured to explore its mechanism of insect control,in order to provide reference for green control of garlic pests.The results showed that the occurrence of B.odoriphaga was significantly reduced by covering silver gray and silver black mulch,with the occurrence of B.odoriphaga being 33.6 insects per 10 plants and 12.8 insects per 10 plants respectively,decrease by 63.8%and 86.2%compared with transparent mulch.The selection rate of silver gray and silver black mulching film by B.odoriphaga was significantly lower than that of transparent mulching film,which decreased by 26.2%and 27.4%respectively.The results of adult selection in laboratory were consistent with those in field.And the light reflectance and reflected light intensity of silver gray and silver black plastic films were significantly higher than that of other color plastic films,and their reflectance were the highest in ultraviolet(380-400 nm)and yellow-green(512-607 nm)wavelengths.In conclusion,the silver gray and silver black film mulching can significantly reduce the damage of B.odoriphaga in garlic field,the important factor is that the silver grey and silver black mulch exert repelling action on B.odoriphaga,which is related to specific spectral reflectivity on the light intensity and reflection of the silver grey and silver black mulch.

关 键 词：有色地膜 大蒜 韭菜迟眼蕈蚊 防虫作用 反射光谱 

分 类 号：S436.33[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]