四种外源有害物质残留对白及药材质量和安全的影响  

Effects of Four Exogenous Hazardous Substances Residues to the Quality and Safety in Bletilla striata

作　　者：吴巧芬 蓝鹃娟 夏科[1] 赵志国[1] 唐辉[1] 仇硕[1] WU Qiaofen;LAN Juanjuan;XIA Ke;ZHAO Zhiguo;TANG Hui;QIU Shuo(Guangxi Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Science,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization,Guilin,Guangxi 541006)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西植物功能物质研究与利用重点实验室,广西桂林541006

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第7期117-122,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：广西科技重大专项资助项目(桂科AA17204056);广西重点研发计划资助项目(桂科AB18294026);广西植物功能物质研究与利用重点实验室主任基金资助项目(ZRJJ2017-8);广西植物研究所基本业务费资助项目(桂植业19001)。

摘　　要：以中药材白及为试材,利用多菌灵和草甘膦喷施植株或重金属镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)处理种植土壤,检测4种外源有害物质的残留量,评估农药和重金属残留对白及药材质量和安全的影响,以期为白及生产、经营和监管提供参考依据。结果表明:农药残留速测卡和液相色谱-串联质谱法检测到白及假鳞茎多菌灵残留量均低于国家限量标准;白及经过当年喷施和连续2年喷施草甘膦,其假鳞茎草甘膦残留量均超过国家限量标准,分别达到0.0573 mg·kg^(-1)和0.0612 mg·kg^(-1)。白及经浓度为1.0~50.0 mg·kg^(-1)的Cd处理,叶、假鳞茎和根中Cd含量均高于国家限量标准,且随处理浓度升高呈增高趋势。白及经浓度为500~2000 mg·kg^(-1)的Pb处理,叶、假鳞茎和根中Pb含量随处理浓度升高呈增高趋势,除浓度为500 mg·kg^(-1)的Pb处理组叶片Pb含量低于国家限量标准,其余均高于国家限量标准。综上所述,多菌灵残留量较少,对白及药材质量影响较小或不影响;草甘膦以及重金属Cd、Pb残留量较高,均影响白及药材质量和使用安全。Taking Bletilla striata as test maferial,carbendazim,glyphosate,cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)were selected to treat plant and the residue were measured by some methods,effects of pesticide and heavy metal residues to the quality and safety in Bletilla striata were evaluated in order to provide reference for Bletilla striata production,operation and supervision.The results showed that the pesticide residue test card and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)all detected the carbendazim residues did not exceed the limit standard.The content of glyphosate was 0.0573 mg·kg^(-1)and 0.0612 mg·kg^(-1) treated in 2018 or treated in 2017 and 2018,and the results exceeded the limited standards.The content of Cd accumulated in leaves,pseudobulbs and roots were positively correlated with Cd concentration and all exceeded the limited standards after treated by Cd 1.0-50.0 mg·kg^(-1).The content of Pb accumulated in leaves,pseudobulbs and roots were also positively correlated with Pb concentration,500-2000 mg·kg^(-1) and all exceeded the limited standards except the Pb content in leaves treated by Pb 500 mg·kg^(-1).These results indicated there maybe small or no effect to the quality and safety in Bletilla striata treated by external carbendazim because the residues was limited.But external application of glyphosate,Cd and Pb will effect the quality and safety in Bletilla striata because the residues of them were easily exceeded the limited standards.

关 键 词：白及 多菌灵 草甘膦 重金属 质量安全 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]