沿空巷道非对称底鼓机理及防控研究  

Mechanism and control of asymmetric floor heave in gob-side entry

作　　者：王志强[1,2,3,4] 王鹏 吕文玉[2] 石磊[1] 苏泽华[1] 武超 于峰 WANG Zhiqiang;WANG Peng;LYU Wenyu;SHI Lei;SU Zehua;WU Chao;YU Feng(School of Energy and Mining Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources in Western China,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China;Beijing Key Laboratory for Precise Mining of Intergrown Energy and Resources,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Safe Coal Mining and Geological Guarantee Education,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)能源与矿业学院,北京100083 [2]西安科技大学西部煤炭绿色开发国家重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)共伴生能源精准开采北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [4]中国矿业大学(北京)煤炭安全开采与地质保障国家级实验教学示范中心,北京100083

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2021年第2期215-226,共12页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51774289);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51404270);西部煤炭绿色安全开发国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLCRKF1903);北京市大学生创新训练项目(C202011074)。

摘　　要：沿空巷道常表现出非对称底鼓特征,根据沿空巷道围岩结构及应力作用模式,结合朗肯土压力理论建立非对称底鼓力学模型,推导出非对称底鼓力源的计算方程。结果表明,两帮垂直应力是底鼓的主要因素,非对称分布的垂直应力是非对称底鼓的内在原因,底板岩体由垂直应力高的巷帮一侧向垂直应力低的巷帮一侧运动,最大底鼓位置靠近垂直应力低的巷帮一侧。据此,提出通过降低两帮垂直应力控制底鼓的错层位负煤柱沿空巷道布置技术,错层位开采实体煤侧垂直应力较低,矸石堆与巷道上方自由空间能够使负煤柱沿空巷道免受关键块体运动影响,始终处于低应力区;沿空巷道两帮低应力区宽度增大,远离应力峰值,达到了降低两帮垂直应力传递至底板的目的;数值模拟结果显示负煤柱沿空巷道两帮垂直应力降低后底鼓破坏深度明显减小。负煤柱沿空巷道现场应用效果良好,未见明显底鼓,从而为待掘沿空巷道区域性防控底鼓提供了依据。The gob-side entry often shows the feature of asymmetric floor heave.In view of the structure and stress action mode of surrounding rocks in the gob-side entry,combined with Rankine’s earth pressure theory,the mechanical model of asymmetric floor heave was established,and the calculation equation of asymmetric floor heave force source was derived.The results have shown that vertical stress is the main factor of floor heave,and its asymmetric distribution is the internal cause of the asymmetric floor heave.The floor rockmass moves from the side of roadway with high vertical stress to that with low vertical stress,and the maximum floor heave is close to the latter.Based on the results,the paper proposes the technology of split-level negative pillar gob-side entry by reducing the vertical stress in both sides to control the floor heave.In this technology,the vertical stress in the split-level solid coal side is low,the gangue pile and the free space above roadway can prevent the gob-side entry from being influenced by key block movement,and therefore the roadway remains in the low stress area.The width of low stress zone on both sides of gob-side entry increases and is far away from the peak stress,which achieves the purpose of reducing the vertical stress on both sides and transfering it to the floor.The results of numerical simulation have shown that the depth of floor heave is significantly reduced after the vertical stress on both sides of the negative coal pillar gob-side entry is reduced.The floor heave can be effectively controlled by the technology of negative coal pillar gob-side entry,which provides a basis for regional prevention and control of floor heave in gob side entry.

关 键 词：底鼓 非对称 沿空巷道 错层位 负煤柱 区域性防控 

分 类 号：TD324[矿业工程—矿井建设]