内蒙古额济纳旗繁殖期鸟类群落与生态分布  

Avifauna and its ecological distribution in Ejina of Inner Mongolia

作　　者：牛琛凯 赵伟[1] 赵洋洋 祁玥 王晓宁 NIU Chenkai;ZHAO Wei;ZHAO Yangyang;QI Yue;WANG Xiaoning(Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution,School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省环境生物监测与修复重点实验室,兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2021年第3期168-173,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性保护专项"生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测与评估"资助。

摘　　要：2016年至2018年的5月和6月,采用样线法和样点法对额济纳旗的鸟类种类、数量和分布进行了多次调查。本项调查中共记录到繁殖期鸟类63种,隶属于18目30科,其中留鸟13种,夏候鸟42种,旅鸟8种。在繁殖鸟类中,古北界的鸟类有37种,占58.7%,鸟类区系具有典型的古北界特征。文中对该地区不同生境鸟类群结构及其之间的关系进行了分析,鸟类主要集中分布在湖泊湿地生境以及农田居民点,荒漠生境鸟类数量最少。湖泊湿地生态系统物种数、物种多样性、群落均匀度、群落丰富度均最高,荒漠生境均最低,即湿地生境是额济纳旗生物多样性存续的关键,而荒漠生境是生态恢复工程的重点区域。此外,湖泊湿地生态系统与农田生境的鸟类相似度最低,而绿洲和农田生境的相似度最高,即水资源相似的生境,鸟类群落相似性高。本项调查为阿拉善地区鸟类和生境保护提供了科学依据。From May to June,in 2016 to 2018,the species,number and distribution of birds in Ejina Banner were investigated several times by using the transect method and the point method.A total of 63 species of birds in the breeding period were recorded in this survey,belonging to 18 orders and 30 families,of which 13 species are residents,42 are summer migrants,and 8 are migratory birds.Among the breeding birds,there are 37 species of the ancient northern boundary,accounting for 58.7%of total,and the bird fauna has typical characteristics of the ancient northern boundary.We analyzed the structure of bird populations in different habitats and the relationship between them.Birds are mainly concentrated in lake wetland habitats and farmland settlements,and desert habitats have the least number of birds.The number of species,species diversity,community uniformity,and community richness of lake wetland ecosystems are the highest,and desert habitats are the lowest.That is,wetland habitats are the key to the survival of biodiversity in Ejina Banner,and desert habitats are the key areas for ecological restoration projects.In addition,the similarity of birds between lake wetland ecosystem and farmland habitat is the lowest,while that between the oasis and farmland habitats is the highest,that is,habitats with similar water resources and similar bird communities.This survey provides a scientific basis for bird and habitat protection in Alxa.

关 键 词：阿拉善荒漠 繁殖鸟类 多样性 鸟类区系 样线法 样点法 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]