林业碳汇核证减排量所有权归属的实践样态与应然思路  

Practice pattern and suitable thinking of property right attribution of certificated emission reduction of forestry carbon sequestration

作　　者：陈娟丽[1] CHEN Juanli(School of Economic Law,Northwest University of Political Science and Law,Xi’an 710122,China)

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学经济法学院,西安710122

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2021年第4期1-9,共9页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：陕西省社会科学基金项目《集体林权改革背景下的林业碳汇法律问题研究》(2015F015)资助。

摘　　要：林业碳汇核证减排量是应对气候变化领域的新生事物,其所有权归属是确保林业碳汇交易稳定的首要问题,但我国《民法典》物权编、自然资源法和碳排交易规范中均无明确规定,个别部门规章对其收益分配的规定有违上位法。实践中各类林业碳汇项目核证减排量所有权归属情形不尽一致的原因是多方面的:林业碳汇权利与采矿权、渔业权产生机理一致,依据土地和森林资源所有权这些"母权",核证减排量可归属的主体众多;我国森林资源用益物权体系结构复杂,搭建了多种归属路径;国际规则下林业碳汇项目参与主体多数涉外,加剧了归属随意化的趋势。在我国鼓励积极开展碳汇交易和推进法规制度建设的背景下,应尽快完善相关法律规范,将核证减排量"类型化"为自然资源性权利客体,圈定所有权归属主体范围,确定国家对核证减排量的管理者角色,确立同一项目核证减排量由多个参与主体共有的制度,遵循自愿公平原则合理分配转让收益,以及做好相关权属争议解决的法律准备。最终为拓宽放活经营权渠道,保障各方利益,乃至我国资源安全和气候安全提供法律支撑。Certificated Emission Reduction of forestry carbon sequestration is something new in the field of climate change.Its ownership is the primary issue to ensure the stability of Forest Carbon Sink trading.However,there are no clear stipulations in the Civil Code,the natural resources law and the carbon emission trading rules,and the regulations of some departments violate the superior law.In practice,the ownership of the Certificated Emission Reduction of all kinds of forestry carbon sequestration projects is not consistent.It’s due to many reasons:the right of forestry carbon sequestration is consistent with the mechanism of mining right and fishery right,according to the ownership of land and forest resources,the ownership of certified mission reductions can belong to a large number of subjects.The structure system of the right for usufruct of forest resources in China is complex,which creates multiple pathways of belonging.Most of the participants of forestry carbon sequestration projects under international rules are foreign-related,which aggravates the arbitrariness trend of ownership.Under the background of encouraging the active development of carbon sink trading and promoting the construction of laws and regulations in China,it is necessary to improve relevant laws and regulations as soon as possible,to"typed"the certified emission reduction into the object of natural resources rights,to circumscribe the scope of ownership subject,to define the State as the role of administrator of Certificated Emission Reduction,to establish a system under which Certificated Emission Reduction for the same project are shared by multiple participants,to allocate the transfer proceeds in a fair and equitable manner on a voluntary basis,and to make legal preparations for the settlement of relevant ownership disputes.These all provides legal support for broadening the channels of management rights,protecting the interests of all parties and even the security of resources and climate in China.

关 键 词：林业碳汇 核证减排量 所有权归属 共有 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]