舟山近岸海域春秋季鱼类幼鱼资源现状与保护分析  

Analysis on the status and protection of juvenile fish resources in the coastal waters of Zhoushan in spring and autumn

作　　者：刘坤 俞存根 于南京 张佩怡 蒋巧丽 牛威震 LIU Kun;YU Cungen;YU Nanjing;ZHANG Peiyi;JIANG Qiaoli;NIU Weizhen(College of Fisheries,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《渔业研究》2021年第2期121-132,共12页Journal of Fisheries Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270527);舟山市海洋与渔业局委托项目(2015—2017).

摘　　要：根据2015年11月(秋季)、2016年5月(春季)在舟山近岸海域进行的渔业资源拖网调查数据,运用相对重要性指数、平均拥挤度及种间相遇机率对采集的鱼类物种进行计测分析,重点关注主要鱼类(IRI>100)的幼鱼占比情况,并依据渔业资源密度对调查海域渔业资源量进行估算。结果表明:春季主要鱼类有11种,其中优势种为褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)和六丝钝尾鱼叚虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)3种;秋季主要鱼类7种,优势种仅龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)1种,表明禁渔期结束后高强度的捕捞努力量短期内对渔业资源消耗较大。春秋季渔业资源量及幼鱼比例存在差异,秋季渔业资源量较高,而幼鱼比例较低,伏季休渔短期暂养的养护作用明显。平均拥挤度及种间相遇机率计测结果一致,均表明了群落优势度较高的物种的分布密集度和物种关联度也较高,种群集聚明显。研究认为,海洋渔业资源保护与海洋捕捞业可持发展中优先考虑保护幼鱼资源,以促进渔业增产,修复沿岸渔场。Based on the data of fishery resources survey in the coastal waters of Zhoushan Islands in November 2015(autumn)and May 2016(spring),the index of relative importance,clumping index and probability of interspecific encounter were used to measure and analyze the collected fish species,focusing on the proportion of juvenile fish of major fish species(IRI>100),and estimating the fishery resources in the investigated sea area according to the density of fishery resources.The results showed that there were 11 species of major fish species in spring,including 3 dominant species:Sebastiscus marmoratus,Collichthys lucidus and Amblychaeturichthys hexanema.There were 6 species of major fish species in autumn,while only Harpodon nehereus was dominant fish,indicating that the high-intensity fishing effort after the end of the fishing moratorium will consume fishery resources in a short period of time.There were differences in the fishery resources and the proportion of juvenile fishes in spring and autumn.The fishery resources in autumn were higher,while the proportion of juvenile fishes was lower,and the maintenance effect of short-term temporary maintenance during the summer fishing moratorium was obvious.The results of clumping index and probability of interspecific encounter were consistent,which indicated that the community dominance was higher,the species distribution density and species association degree were higher,and the population aggregation was obvious.The study concluded that the protection of marine fishery resources and the sustainable development of the marine fishing industry should give priority to protect juvenile fish resources in order to increase fishery production and restore coastal fishing grounds.

关 键 词：舟山近岸 主要鱼类 幼鱼 平均拥挤度 种间相遇机率 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]