主养罗非鱼鱼菜共生池塘水质指标的变化规律和氮磷收支  

Effect of water quality and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus by Oreochroms mossambcus-Ipomoea aquatica symbiosis system

作　　者：高攀[1] 李晓东[1] 翟旭亮 胡建勇[1] 张人铭[1] 刘晶[1] 陈韩飞[1] 热比古丽·沙吾提[1] 林红喜 GAO Pan;LI Xiaodong;ZHAI Xuliang;HU Jianyong;ZHANG Renming;LIU Jing;CHEN Hanfei;Rabigul SAWUT;LIN Hongxi(Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Xinjiang Fisheries Research Institute,Urumqi 830000,China;Chongqing Fishery Technical Extension Station,Chongqing 400020,China;Baihui Yusheng Fishery Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830003,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区水产科学研究所,农业部西北地区渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]重庆市水产技术推广总站,重庆400020 [3]乌鲁木齐百汇鱼生渔业科技有限公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830003

出　　处：《渔业研究》2021年第2期167-174,共8页Journal of Fisheries Research

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项(2017E0245);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-45);乌鲁木齐科学技术计划(G161220002、H161212001).

摘　　要：针对当前罗非鱼高密度养殖水质调控中存在的问题,本研究使用基于共生原理的鱼菜共生技术,在乌鲁木齐市米东区开展为期126 d的“罗非鱼-水蕹菜”共生调控池塘水质试验。结果表明:在共生模式下,养殖池塘水体pH值、总磷(TP)、硝酸盐氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)含量下降且与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)含量升势趋缓且与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);共生模式分别将氮、磷的利用率提高了13.5%和6.4%,显著降低了池塘排污系数(P<0.05),将尾水中总氮、总磷含量由符合淡水池塘养殖水排放要求的二级提升为一级。The regulation of water quality in aquaculture ponds that controlling factors of aquaculture,is also an inevitable requirement for achieving high-quality development of fishery.According to the problems on water quality of intensive tilapia culture systems in the northwest inland,China,this research aimed to examine the water quality impact of aquaponics system.We constructed an Oreochroms mossambcus-Ipomoea aquatica symbiosis system in Midong County,Urumqi.This system used floating bed for removing nitrogen and phosphorus,while each floating bed area was 4.32 m2(360 cm×120 cm).This research used floating bed 96,about 415 m2,which account for 8.3%of tilapia culture pond area.The research time was 126 days(May 18~September 20,2017).The results were showed as compared with the control group,the Oreochroms mossambcus-Ipomoea aquatica symbiosis system significantly decreased the pH,total phosphorus(TP)and nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)in aquaculture ponds(P<0.05),the content of total nitrogen(TN),ammonia nitrogen(NH+4-N),and nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)^(-)-N)showed an increasing tendency to decline than control group with significant differences(P<0.05).Symbiosis system could increase the utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus by 13.5%and 6.4%,significantly decrease pollutants discharge coefficient(P<0.05)and increase discharge standard of aquaculture wastewater,that had no effect on fish growth.Therefore,aquaponics system can be used to control the water quality of ponds in the northwest China.

关 键 词：鱼菜共生 水质 氮 磷 排污系数 

分 类 号：S3[农业科学—农艺学] S964.3