人工智能的犯罪主体及其刑法规制  

The Criminal Subject of Artificial Intelligence and Its Criminal Law

作　　者：张国妮[1] 刘军 ZHANG Guoni;LIU Jun(School of Law, Northwestern University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730124, China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学法学院,甘肃兰州730124

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2021年第3期68-76,共9页Journal of Yibin University

摘　　要：“智能等级”可以成为划分人工智能辨认能力和控制能力的标准。仅作为人类犯罪辅助工具,弱人工智能不具备相应的辨认能力和控制能力,犯罪主体仍是人类。但是当“智能”增长达到一定程度,人工智能产生人类所固有的自主意识和意志、世界模型常识和通用复杂交互之时,理应赋予强人工智能刑事责任主体的法律地位。刑法规制弱人工智能犯罪的责任构成与当下其他刑事责任构成有所不同,而强人工智能犯罪主体的刑法规制必须充分解决“智能等级”与刑事责任能力的有效衔接,以及强人工智能的共同犯罪问题,根据人工智能犯罪的特征增设相关罪名以及刑罚。“Intelligence level”can be the standard for dividing artificial intelligence recognition ability and control ability.Only as an auxiliary tool for human crimes,weak artificial intelligence does not have the corresponding identification and control capabilities,and the subject of crime is still human.However,when the“intelligence”grows to a certain level,artificial intelligence produces the inherent consciousness and will of human beings,the common sense of the world model,and the general complex interaction,strong artificial intelligence should be given the legal status as the subject of criminal responsibility.The liability composition of weak artificial intelligence crimes under the criminal law system is different from other criminal liability constitutions at present,while the criminal laws and regulations of the strong artificial intelligence crime subject must fully address the effective connection between the“intelligence level”and the criminal responsibility capability,and the joint crime problem of strong artificial intelligence.Finally,according to the characteristics of artificial intelligence crimes,relevant crimes and penalties are added.

关 键 词：人工智能 犯罪主体 刑罚规制 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]