基于“钉床型”飞片的斜波加载技术及应用  

Ramp wave loading technique and application using a“bed of nails”flyer system

作　　者：宗泽 王刚[1] 方嘉铖 林茜 王永刚[1] ZONG Ze;WANG Gang;FANG Jiacheng;LIN Xi;WANG Yonggang(Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering,Ministry of Education of China,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2021年第4期138-146,共9页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11972202);科学挑战专题(TZ2018001);冲击波物理与爆轰物理重点实验室稳定支持项目(JCKYS2019212009)。

摘　　要：为了实现斜波加载,设计了一种“钉床型”广义波阻抗梯度飞片,即在基座上密排叠加许多小圆锥,简称“钉床型”飞片。该飞片采用激光选区熔化金属增材制造技术进行制备。利用一级轻气炮加载装置和全光纤激光位移干涉测试系统,开展不同工况下“钉床型”飞片高速击靶压缩实验和层裂实验,重点讨论小圆锥高度和撞击速度对斜波压缩加载波形的影响规律,以及斜波加载对不锈钢靶板层裂特性的影响。实验结果显示:(1)“钉床型”飞片对靶板产生的压缩是逐步的,从自由面速度剖面上观察到压缩波上升前沿时间被显著延长,形成了斜波波阵面,明显不同于冲击压缩的陡峭波阵面;(2)在飞片击靶速度近似恒定条件下,斜波波阵面的上升沿时间、平台速度峰值都明显依赖于“钉床型”飞片上的小圆锥高度,随着小圆锥高度增大,上升沿时间呈线性增大,而平台速度峰值呈线性减小;(3)在“钉床型”飞片的几何尺寸保持不变的条件下,斜波波阵面的上升沿时间随着飞片击靶速度的增大而线性减小,平台速度峰值则线性增大;(4)与冲击加载相比,“钉床型”飞片产生的斜波加载不会对材料的层裂强度产生明显影响,但对材料内部损伤演化速率有一定的影响。In order to generate a ramp wave loading,a generalized wave impedance gradient(GWIG)flyer was designed by a solid disc as a base for arrays of cone spikes,termed the“bed of nails”flyer.The“bed of nails”flyer was fabricated by Selective Laser Metaling additive manufacturing.Using a single-stage light-gas gun and a displacement interferometer system for any reflector(DISAR),a series of plate impact and spallation experiments using“bed of nails”flyer impact were performed.The effects of the height of cone and impact velocity on the ramp wave loading profiles and the effects of ramp wave loading on spallation characteristics of stainless-steel target were discussed.The experimental results show that:(1)From the free surface velocity profiles measured by DISAR,it is observed that the rising edge time of the compression wave is significantly prolonged,and the ramp wave loading is formed,which is obviously different from the steep wave front of the usual shock compression;(2)When the impact velocity of the flyer is approximately constant,both the rising edge time and the peak velocity of the ramp wave loading obviously depend on the cone height of the“bed of nails”flyer,with the increase of the height of the small cone,the rising edge time increases linearly,while the peak velocity decreases linearly;(3)When the geometric size of the“bed of nails”flyer remains unchanged,with the increase of the flyer’s velocity,the rising edge time of the ramp wave loading decreases linearly,while the peak velocity increases linearly;(4)Comparing with shock wave loading,the ramp wave loading generated by the“bed of nails”flyer has no obvious effect on the spallation strength of the stainlesssteel,but has an influence on the damage evolution rate.

关 键 词：斜波加载 “钉床型”飞片 金属增材制造技术 层裂 

分 类 号：O347.3[理学—固体力学]