合金元素对Fe/Al界面反应影响的研究进展  

Influences of Alloying Elements on the Interfacial Reaction of Fe/Al:a Review

作　　者：张先满[1] 陈再雨 罗洪峰[1] ZHANG Xianman;CHEN Zaiyu;LUO Hongfeng(Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学机电工程学院,海口570228

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第7期7145-7154,7168,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51701053,42066003);海南省自然科学基金项目(420RC522,517076);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(ZY2018HN09-6)。

摘　　要：Fe/Al界面反应涉及轻量化设计中的钢/铝焊接、铝合金铸造过程中铝熔体对模具钢的腐蚀及提高耐腐蚀、耐磨损性能的热浸镀铝涂层的制备等工业领域,在此过程中由于Fe、Al原子的互扩散而在界面上生成脆性的Fe-Al金属间化合物(IMC)层,该IMC层对上述的各种性能起着决定性作用。因此,如何根据最终的性能要求来控制该界面反应具有十分重要的科学意义。诸多文献从钢/铝焊接、钢热浸镀铝等方面研究了Fe/Al界面反应,并取得了丰硕的成果。但由于该界面反应大多为非平衡条件下进行的反应扩散过程,界面处生成的Fe-Al IMC厚度很薄且脆性较大。同时,合金元素及其交互作用会对这一界面反应产生复杂影响。具体表现在:Si易在IMC晶界处富集,对IMC的生长起抑制作用,Zn则可加速Fe/Al界面反应,但Si、Zn的影响与其存在形式有关;Fe-Cr-B铸钢热浸镀铝时会在反应界面上生成周期性层片结构(PLS),而Cr、Zn等合金元素会对生成PLS的界面反应产生重大影响,其中,Fe-Cr-B铸钢中的Cr含量是基础,只有Cr含量位于特定范围内,该界面反应才会生成PLS;Al熔体中的Zn会导致界面反应由Fe/Al转变为Fe/Zn,发生该转变时Al-Zn熔体中Al的临界含量为0.3%(质量分数,下同)。本文从纯Fe/Al固液界面反应入手,阐述并讨论合金元素对这一界面反应生成IMC的类型、形貌及厚度的影响及其机理。结合已有的研究结果,分析了Fe-Cr-B铸钢热浸镀铝时界面组织结构的演变规律,最后,对Fe/Al界面反应的研究方向进行了展望,旨在为相关工程应用提供理论指导。The interfacial reaction of Fe/Al involves steel/Al welding in regard of lightweight design,corrosion of the die by molten aluminum in the cast processing of aluminum alloys,and preparation of hot-dipping coating for improvement of the corrosion resistance and wear resistance.In all the processing,brittle Fe-Al intermetallic compound(IMC)layer is formed on the interface due to the interdiffusion of Fe and Al,which determines these properties above.Therefore,how to control this interfacial reaction according to the final performance is of great practical significance.Many literatures have studied the Fe/Al interfacial reaction from the aspects of steel/aluminum welding and hot dip aluminizing of steel,and achieved fruitful results.However,most of the interfacial reactions of Fe/Al are the reaction-diffusion processes under non-equilibrium conditions.The Fe-Al IMC formed at the interface is very thin and brittle.Besides,alloy elements and their interaction will have a significant impact on the interfacial reactions.Alloying elements,such as Si and Zn,have complex effects on the interfacial reaction.In general,Si resists this interfacial reaction,while Zn accelerates it.But the influence of Si and Zn is related to the existing form.Periodic layered structure(PLS)will be formed at the reaction interface when the Fe-Cr-B cast steel is hot-dip aluminizing,and the alloying elements such as Cr and Zn have a significant impact on this interfacial reaction.The Cr content in Fe-Cr-B cast steel plays a key role in the formation of PLS,only when the Cr content is among the critical range can the PLS be formed during the interfacial reaction.The critical content of Al in Zn-Al melt was 0.3wt%when the interfacial reaction of Fe/Al transformed to Fe/Zn.This paper focused on the influences of alloying elements on the type,morphology and thickness of the IMCs formed during the interfacial reaction of Fe/Al and the discussion of its mechanism.Combined with the previous research results of the author,the evolution of interfacial str

关 键 词：界面反应 Fe/Al 合金元素 周期性层片结构 

分 类 号：TG142.7[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]