微生物与磁场作用下管线钢的腐蚀行为研究进展  

Progress on Corrosion Behavior of Pipeline Steel Under the Effect of Microorganism and Magnetic Field

作　　者：齐季[1] 谢飞[1,2] 王丹 赵杨[1] QI Ji;XIE Fei;WANG Dan;ZHAO Yang(College of Petroleum Engineering,Liaoning Shihua University,Fushun 113001,China;Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Technology in Liaoning Province,Fushun 113001,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁石油化工大学,石油天然气工程学院,抚顺113001 [2]辽宁省油气储运技术重点实验室,抚顺113001

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第7期7169-7175,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51604150);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”(XLYC1807260);辽宁省自然科学联合基金(2020-HYLH-14)。

摘　　要：随着埋地年限的推移,目前已被大量应用于实际管道工程的X80钢等高强度管线钢开始逐批面临着腐蚀的危害。工地常采用的漏磁检测等现代技术在施工后难免会残留剩余磁场,与土壤中微生物和腐蚀性离子等因素一起形成了复杂的腐蚀体系。微生物和磁场作为工地上常见的腐蚀因子,对管道的腐蚀行为有着不同程度的影响。土壤中不同类型的细菌对埋地管线钢的腐蚀机理和腐蚀程度不同,最常见的两种微生物——好氧菌铁细菌(IOB)及厌氧菌硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对腐蚀影响较为突出,而目前研究学者对IOB的腐蚀机理认识趋于统一,对于SRB的腐蚀机理却有多种假设。人工磁场、漏磁检测等技术已成为新时代的产物,而当前却鲜有针对磁场在工程实际中的相关研究,磁场与微生物共存时的研究也仍处于初期阶段。学术界已通过大量实验研究了SRB与IOB对钢材的腐蚀行为,证实了微生物加速金属腐蚀的假设,同时SRB与IOB共存时,二者的协同作用进一步加剧了金属腐蚀。磁场不仅单方面对金属腐蚀有影响,在微生物存在的情况下,亦对微生物的活性有抑制作用,但在一定的磁场范围内又可通过钢材表面电化学行为及介质内离子流动改变生物膜或钢材表面的特性,进而起到抑制腐蚀的作用。综合已有研究可知,磁场、微生物共存时的腐蚀体系极为复杂,对已有结果进行归纳并展望此领域的研究前景实有必要。本文归纳了两种主要微生物,即厌氧菌硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、好氧菌铁细菌(IOB)分别与磁场共同作用时对金属腐蚀的机理,总结了学术界关于磁场与硫酸盐还原菌协同作用的研究现状,分析了现有研究尚存在争议的问题和缺陷,并对本领域的未来研究提出新的思路。At present,high-strength pipeline steels such as X80 steel,which have been widely used in actual pipeline engineering,have begun to face corrosion hazards one by one with the burying time.Modern technologies such as magnetic flux leakage detection often used at construction sites will inevitably have residual magnetic fields after construction,combined with complex corrosion systems formed by factors such as microorganisms and corrosive ions in the soil.Microbes and magnetic fields,as common corrosion factors in construction sites,have varying degrees of influence on the corrosion behavior of pipelines.The corrosion mechanism and degree of different types of bacteria on buried pipeline steels in the soil are different.The two most common microorganisms are aerobic bacteria iron bacteria(IOB)and anaerobic bacteria sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB).While the current research on the corrosion mechanism of IOB tends to be consistent,the corrosion mechanism of SRB has many assumptions.Techniques such as artificial magnetic fields and magnetic flux leakage detection have become the products of the new era,but there are few related researches on magnetic fields in engineering practice,and the research on the coexistence of magnetic fields and microorganisms is still in its infancy.The corrosion behavior of steel by SRB and IOB through a large number of experiments has been studied,which confirmed the hypothesis that microorganisms accelerate metal corrosion.At the same time,when SRB and IOB coexist,the two promote each other to further aggravate metal corrosion.The magnetic field not only unilaterally affects metal corrosion,but also inhibits the activity of microorganisms in the presence of microorganisms.However,within a certain range of magnetic fields,the biofilm or characteristics of the steel surface,in turn,play a role in inhibiting corrosion.It can be seen from the comprehensive research that the corrosion system in the presence of magnetic fields and microorganisms is extremely complicated.It is necessary to summa

关 键 词：管线钢 磁场 好氧菌铁细菌 厌氧菌硫酸盐还原菌 

分 类 号：TG174[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]