语用论辩视角下政府舆论危机应对话语研究——以特朗普白宫疫情通报会应答话语为例  

On the Government Discourse in Response to Public Opinion Crises from the Perspective of Pragma-Dialectics:A Case Study of Donald Trump’s Response at the White House Pandemic Briefing

作　　者：陈丽丽 吴奕俊 CHEN Li-li;WU Yi-jun(Guangzhou Maritime University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510725;Jinan University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510632)

机构地区：[1]广州航海学院外语学院,广东广州510725 [2]暨南大学外国语学院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《广东技术师范大学学报》2021年第1期87-97,共11页Journal of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University

基　　金：广东省教育厅普通高校新冠疫情防控科研专项项目“马克思主义语言哲学视角下中西方新冠疫情相关政府话语研究”(项目编号:2020KZDZX1153);广东省教育厅普通高校新冠疫情防控科研专项项目“马克思主义语言哲学观照下的西方主流媒体涉华新冠疫情新闻分析研究”(项目编号:2020KZDZX1030)。

摘　　要：突发公共事件发生期间,政府发言人需要通过回应媒体围绕某一热点事件提出的尖锐问题,说服对该事件存有疑虑的民众和组织,这决定了政府舆论危机应对话语的论辩属性。结合语用论辩模型,对2020年美国时任总统特朗普在白宫"新型冠状病毒肺炎"疫情通报会上就"中国病毒论"问题面对媒体时的应答实例研究显示,特朗普在其应答话语中运用"诉诸同情"等论辩策略、"反复"等修辞手法和"虚拟语气"等语法成分实施语用论辩策略操控,以维护其本身和其所代表的政府组织在这一问题上的立场,提高其观点对目标受众的说服力。运用语用论辩批判性评价规则对其应答话语进一步分析可见,其论证违反了有效性规则和论证图式原则,缺乏论辩合理性。During a public emergency,government spokespersons need to persuade people and organizations who have doubts about the incident by responding to sharp questions raised by the media.This determines the debative nature of the government’s public opinion crisis response discourse.The model of Pragma-Dialects is applied to the analysis of former U.S.President Trump’s response to the media on the issue of"Chinese Virus Theory"at the White House"new coronavirus pneumonia"epidemic briefing in 2020.It is found that Donald Trump adopted argument strategies like"appealing to sympathy",rhetorical devices like"repetition"and grammar constituents like"subjunctive mood"to implement the strategic maneuvering in argumentation,in order to maintain the standpoints of himself and his government on the issue herein,and improve the persuasiveness to his target audience.Based the further analysis of his response with the critical evaluation rules of Pragma-Dialects,it is observed that his argumentation violates the rules of validity and the principle of argument schema and fails to stand the trial of the argumentation rationality.

关 键 词：政府话语 舆论危机 突发公共事件 语用论辩 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]