不同消毒剂对凡纳滨对虾育苗水质和菌群结构的影响  

Effects of different disinfectants on water quality and microbial community structure of Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：张文伟 黄忠[2,3] 段亚飞 林黑着[2,3] 江世贵[2] 黄建华 ZHANG Wenwei;HUANG Zhong;DUAN Yafei;LIN Heizhao;JIANG Shigui;HUANG Jianhua(College of Life Science,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510300,China;Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shenzhen 518121,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学生命科学学院,广东广州510006 [2]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东广州510300 [3]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所深圳试验基地,广东深圳518121

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2021年第2期1-10,共10页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：深圳市未来产业发展专项(JCYJ20170412110605075,JCYJ20180504170233070);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD30);现代农业(虾)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CAS-48);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项(2019KJ149);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2019TS09,2019TS25)。

摘　　要：该研究使用碘(I_(2))、二氧化氯(ClO_(2))、甲醛溶液(HCHO)和漂白粉[Ca(ClO)2]4种常用消毒剂对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)育苗海水处理后,研究了不同发育期育苗水体总菌和弧菌数量、氨氮和亚硝酸氮含量、幼体成活率以及水体和幼体菌群的变化。结果显示:1)甲醛组水体的总菌数较低,且弧菌数量最低;2)4种消毒剂组水体氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度均低于对照组,其中漂白粉组最低;3)甲醛组幼体成活率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);4)消毒剂改变了育苗水体和幼体的菌群结构和优势菌丰度,育苗水体菌群组成比幼体更为复杂,且早期阶段比后期复杂。其中,无节幼体(N_(6))—溞状幼体(Z_(1))阶段水体优势菌属主要为OM43_clade、食烷菌属(Alcanivorax)、赤杆菌属(Erythrobacter)、交替赤杆菌属(Altererythrobacter)、黄杆菌属(Tenacibaculum)、水栖菌属(Enhydrobacter)、泥滩微菌属(Gilvibacter)等,糠虾幼体(M1)—仔虾(P1)阶段水体中优势菌属有东吉科拉属(Donghicola)、黏着杆菌属(Cohaesibacter)、Phaeodactylibacter、念珠菌属(Candidatus-Cquiluna)和鲁杰氏菌属(Ruegeria),而幼体中的优势菌属有弧菌属(Vibrio)、动性杆菌属(Planomicrobium)、微杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)、嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、嗜甲基菌属(Methylophaga)和盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)。We analyzed the total number of heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio,ammonia and nitrite nitrogen of water,survival rate of larvae,bacterial community of larvae and rearing water of Litopenaeus vannamei after different disinfection treatment of hatchery water,including iodine(I_(2)),chlorine dioxide solution(ClO_(2)),formaldehyde(HCHO)and bleach[Ca(ClO)2].The results show that the total number of bacteria and Vibrio in the formaldehyde group was lower,and the number of Vibrio was the lowest.The concentration of ammonia and nitrite nitrogen in the four disinfectants groups was lower than that in the control group,and the concentration of bleach group was the lowest.The survival rate of the larvae in the formaldehyde group was significantly higher than those in the other four groups(P<0.05).The 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing reveals that the disinfectant changed the microbial community and abundance of dominant bacteria of the hatchery water and the larvae.The bacterial composition of the hatchery water was more complex than that of the larvae,and the early stage was more complex than the late stage.Besides,the genera OM43_clade,Alcanivorax,Erythrobacter,Altererythrobacter,Tenacibaculum,Enhydrobacter and Gilvibacter were enriched in the N_(6)-Z_(1) periods of rearing water;Donghicola,Cohaesibacter,Phaeodactylibacter,Candidatus-Cquiluna and Ruegeria were enriched in the M1-P1 periods of rearing water,while Vibrio,Planomicrobium,Exiguobacterium,Psychrobacter,Acinetobacter,Bacillus,Methylophaga and Halomonas had high abundance in the larvae.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 育苗水体 消毒剂 成活率 菌群 

分 类 号：Q939.9[生物学—微生物学]