广东沿海养殖牡蛎中多氯联苯残留水平及人体饮食暴露风险评估  

Bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)in farmed oysters along Guangdong coast

作　　者：马丽莎 谢文平 田斐 尹怡 单奇 郑光明 李恒翔[3,4] MA Lisha;XIE Wenping;TIAN Fei;YIN Yi;SHAN Qi;ZHENG Guangming;LI Hengxiang(Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province/Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Product(Guangzhou),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510380,China;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510300,China;South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/广东省水产动物免疫技术重点实验室/农村农业部水产品质量安全风险评估实验室(广州),广东广州510380 [2]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广东广州510300 [3]中国科学院南海海洋研究所/中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院,广东广州510301 [4]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东广州511458

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2021年第2期11-19,共9页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金(FEEL-2020-8);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0404);中国科学院南海生态环境工程创新研究院自主部署项目(ISEE2019ZR03)。

摘　　要：文章利用气相色谱质谱法测定了广东沿海主要养殖区(汕头、汕尾、深圳、珠海、江门、阳江、湛江)养殖牡蛎体内30种多氯联苯(Polychlorinated biphenys,PCBs)的含量,评价了其污染水平和致癌风险。结果表明,广东养殖牡蛎中普遍检出PCBs,检出率为97.6%,其质量分数为nd~8.62 ng·g^(-1)(湿质量,下同),平均值为(0.57±1.23)ng·g^(-1),其中以深圳水域养殖牡蛎体内的PCBs含量最高,珠海次之,汕头、阳江、江门、湛江及汕尾较低。不同地区养殖牡蛎中PCBs的组成模式类似,均以五氯代和六氯代PCBs为主。与国内外部分沿海海域贝类相比,广东省养殖牡蛎中PCBs含量处于较低水平。广东省养殖牡蛎中PCBs残留量低于中国《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》及欧盟国家的贝类卫生标准,食用牡蛎的致癌风险及危害商数均小于美国环保局(EPA)推荐的可接受风险水平,致癌风险处于可接受风险水平。We analyzed 30 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)in the farmed oysters(Crassostrea rivularis,C.hongkongensis,C.gigas)from the main aquaculture areas along Guangdong coast(Shantou,Shanwei,Shenzhen,Zhuhai,Jiangmen,Yangjiang and Zhanjiang)by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC/MS).The detection rates of PCBs in oysters and their potential risks to human health were also evaluated.Results show that PCBs had a detection rate of 97.6%in the farmed oysters along Guangdong coast.Concentration of PCBs in oysters ranged from nd to 8.62 ng·g^(-1)(wet mass),with an average value of(0.57±1.23)ng·g^(-1).The highest PCBs concentration was found in Shenzhen,followed by Zhuhai,Shantou,Yangjiang,Jiangmen,Zhanjiang and Shanwei.The congeners of PCBs and their compositions were similar in different locations,showing that Hexa-PCBs and Penta-PCBs are the most abundant components in oysters.Compared with the shellfish in other coastal waters at home and abroad,the concentration of PCBs in this study is at a lower level.Bioaccumulation of PCBs in farmed oysters is lower than the limited residue levels of PCBs in National Food Safety Standard Limits of Pollutants in food in China and the hygienic standard for shellfish in European Union.The carcinogenic risk and hazard quotient of PCBs in oysters are less than the threshold value of the US Environmental Protection Agency,indicating that the carcinogenic risk of indicator PCBs in Guangdong oysters is at an acceptable level for consumers.

关 键 词：牡蛎 多氯联苯残留 风险评估 广东 

分 类 号：X836[环境科学与工程—环境工程]