共享任务对汽车安全性和软件可用性的影响  

Influence of Sharing Tasks on Automobile Driving Safety and Software Interactive Usability

作　　者：景春晖 支锦亦 JING Chunhui;ZHI Jinyi(School of Architecture and Design,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学建筑与设计学院,四川成都611756

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报》2021年第2期437-443,共7页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(19YJA760094);教育部人文社科青年基金(19YJC760054);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(A0920502052001-210);四川省社科规划“四川统计发展专项课题”(SC20TJ031);四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地现代设计与文化研究中心课题(MD20Z001);四川省人文社会科学重点研究基地四川革命老区发展研究中心课题(2020038);西南交通大学美国研究中心2020年度项目(ARC2020006);工效学会-津发优秀青年学者联合研究基金(CES-Kingfar-2019-001)资助

摘　　要：为了确定汽车共享交互任务与驾驶任务协同作用对驾驶安全性和交互可用性的影响,进而为汽车共享软件优化和汽车共享驾驶员筛选培训提供理论参考,首先针对24名经验丰富的中国驾驶员,利用汽车模拟驾驶试验,采集了车速变化、制动时间、交互时间等驾驶安全性和交互可用性参数数据,然后通过配对样本t检验方法,在停车状态和驾驶状态,对比分析了是否使用汽车共享软件对交互可用性绩效和驾驶安全性绩效的影响.研究表明:相对于不操作共享任务,驾驶时操作汽车共享任务交互时间增加了24%~87%,满意度降低了15%,认知负荷增加了33%~61%,但交互错误不受影响;反向来看,驾驶时操作汽车共享任务会对驾驶安全性产生影响,表现为相对于不操作共享任务,制动反应时间增加了45%,方向盘调整次数增加了217%~761%,方向盘调整角度增加了25%~66%,驾驶错误增加了512%~1053%,车速降低了8%;汽车共享软件导致的驾驶分心只影响反应时间,不影响制动行为.In order to form a theoretical base for the optimization of car sharing software and drivers’ selection,how automobile sharing tasks and driving task affect driving safety and interactive usability is explored. Firstly,24 experienced Chinese drivers were recruited for driving simulation tests, and driving safety and usability data such as speed, braking time, and interaction time were collected, and data were processed through paired sample t-test method. Using automobile sharing software in the scenarios of parking and driving are analyzed and compared in terms of interaction and safety performance. It is found that the operation of sharing tasks during driving can lead to the interaction time increase of 24%-87%, satisfaction decrease of 15%, and cognitive load increase of 33%-61%, but interaction errors are not affected. On the other hand, the operation of automobile sharing tasks during driving will affect driving safety, showing that in contrast to no sharing tasks, braking reaction time is increased by 45%, steering wheel adjustment times is increased by 217%-761%, adjustment angle of steering wheel is increased by 25%-66%, driving error is increased by 512%-1053%, and speed is decreased by 8%. However, driving distraction caused by automobile sharing software only affects reaction time rather than braking behavior.

关 键 词：共享任务 汽车驾驶员 人机交互 驾驶安全 可用性 

分 类 号：U463.6[机械工程—车辆工程]