微生物肥与高碳基肥配施对植烟土壤微生物数量和土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of combined application of microbial fertilizers and high-carbon base fertilizers on soil microbial population and fertility of tobacco growing soil

作　　者：李怡博 翟春贺 苏梦迪 马啸[2] 赵龙杰[2] 胡丽涛[2] 张松涛 LI Yibo;ZHAI Chunhe;SU Mengdi;MA Xiao;ZHAO Longjie;HU Litao;ZHANG Songtao(College of Tobacco Science,National Tobacco Cultivation,Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Fengdu Branch of Chongqing City Tobacco Company of CNTC,Fengdu 408200,Chongqing,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地,郑州市450002 [2]中国烟草总公司重庆市公司丰都分公司,重庆市丰都县408200

出　　处：《烟草科技》2021年第4期23-32,共10页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重庆市公司科技项目“提升丰都烟叶云烟品牌工业可用性关键技术集成与推广”[A20201NY01-1303(2)]。

摘　　要：为明确微生物肥与高碳基肥配施对植烟土壤微生物数量和土壤肥力的影响,以中烟100为材料进行田间试验,设置5个处理(CK:常规施肥纯氮52.5 kg/hm^(2);T1:高碳基肥1500 kg/hm^(2);T2:高碳基肥1500 kg/hm^(2)+微生物肥75 kg/hm^(2)+纯氮45 kg/hm^(2);T3:高碳基肥1500 kg/hm^(2)+微生物肥150 kg/hm^(2)+纯氮37.5 kg/hm^(2);T4:高碳基肥1500 kg/hm^(2)+微生物肥225 kg/hm^(2)+纯氮30 kg/hm^(2))。结果表明:(1)微生物肥与高碳基肥配施能显著增加土壤微生物数量。移栽后75 d时土壤中细菌数量达到峰值,表现为T2>T3>T1>T4>CK;移栽后60 d时土壤中真菌数量达到峰值,表现为T4>T3>T1>T2>CK;移栽后90 d时土壤中放线菌数量达到峰值,表现为T4>T3>CK>T2>T1。(2)微生物肥和高碳基肥配施能够显著增加土壤中碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量(质量分数)以及土壤pH,其中T4处理的土壤养分含量最高。(3)微生物肥和高碳基肥配施能够提高土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性,其中T4处理的土壤酶活性最高。微生物肥与高碳基肥配施能够增加土壤微生物数量,提高土壤肥力和土壤酶活性,为烤烟生长提供良好的土壤环境,其中高碳基肥1500 kg/hm^(2)+微生物肥225 kg/hm^(2)+纯氮30 kg/hm^(2)处理对植烟土壤的改良效果最好。In order to clarify the effects of combined application of microbial fertilizers and high-carbon base fertilizers on the microbial population and soil fertility of tobacco growing soil,with cv.ZY 100 as the test material,a field experiment with 5 treatments(CK:Conventional fertilization of 52.5 kg/ha pure nitrogen;T1:1500 kg/ha high-carbon base fertilizer;T2:1500 kg/ha high-carbon base fertilizer+75 kg/ha microbial fertilizer+45 kg/ha pure nitrogen;T3:1500 kg/ha high-carbon base fertilizer+150 kg/ha microbialfertilizer+37.5 kg/ha pure nitrogen;T4:1500 kg/ha high-carbon base fertilizer+225 kg/ha microbial fertilizer+30 kg/ha pure nitrogen)was conducted.The results showed that:(1)The combined treatments significantly increased the microbial population in tobacco growing soil.On the 75 th day after transplanting,the bacterial population in the soil reached its peak with the rank of T2>T3>T1>T4>CK.On the 60 th day after transplanting,the fungal population in the soil reached its peak with the rank of T4>T3>T1>T2>CK.On the 90 th day after transplanting,the actinomycetic population in the soil reached its peak with the rank of T4>T3>CK>T2>T1.(2)The combined fertilizers increased the contents(mass fraction)of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matters in tobacco planting soil,and improved the soil pH.Among them,T4 treatment was found to be superior in soil fertility improvement.(3)The combined application of fertilizers promoted the enzyme activities of urease and catalase in soil,and the soil enzyme activity of T4 was the highest.The combined treatments increased the soil microbial population,improved soil fertility and enzyme activity,and provided a good soil environment for the growth of flue-cured tobacco.Among all the treatments,1500 kg/ha high-carbon base fertilizer+225 kg/ha microbial fertilizer+30 kg/ha pure nitrogen had the best effect on improving tobacco growing soil.

关 键 词：植烟土壤 微生物肥 高碳基肥 微生物数量 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S572.06[农业科学—烟草工业]