美国环境法实施机制之透视——以环境公益损害救济为例  

Environmental Law Enforcement in the United States:Environmental Public Interest Remedy

作　　者：吕忠梅 杨诗鸣 LV Zhongmei;YANG Shiming

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100811 [2]美国南加州大学,美国洛杉矶90007

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2021年第2期18-30,共13页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“生态文明与环境治理机制变革研究”(19JJD820005)。

摘　　要：环境公益损害救济制度是观察美国环境法实施机制的一个理论与实践视角。通过对相关立法的法律关系配置、行政救济与诉讼救济的协调性安排,可以发现美国环境法实施机制的"硬核":通过立法优化资源配置,为环境法实施提供体制依据;通过建立环境标准体系,为环境法实施提供科学判断基础;通过明确利益导向,提高环境法实施效率和效能。这些恰是中国环境法研究薄弱、立法考虑较少的部分,值得我们在更加深入研究不同国情、不同司法制度、不同执法条件的情况下,借鉴先进制度的"精髓"。Environmental public interest remedy system offers a perspective to studying the theory and practice of environmental law enforcement in the United States.This paper analyzes the coordination between legal provisions,administrative and judicial injunctions against environmental damage.It finds that environmental law enforcement in the United States has three"cores":Optimized resource allocation through legislation that provides institutions for environmental enforcement,an environmental standard system that translates science to policy,and a value system that maximizes social welfare through efficient regulation.These factors are yet to be fully addressed in environmental legal studies and legislation in China.Understanding these factors can foster institutional learning across countries of different political and judicial systems.

关 键 词：环境公益损害救济 环境法实施机制 环境立法 环境标准 利益导向 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.6