淮北地区优质食味粳稻温光适应性和最佳播种期  

Temperature and Light Adaptability of High-Quality Japonica Rice and Optimum Seeding Date in Huaibei Region

作　　者：许方甫 卞金龙 韩超 陈志青 刘国栋 邢志鹏 胡雅杰 魏海燕 张洪程 XU FangFu;BIAN JinLong;HAN Chao;CHEN ZhiQing;LIU GuoDong;XING ZhiPeng;HU YaJie;WEI HaiYan;ZHANG HongCheng(Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Industrial Engineering Research Center of High Quality Japonica Rice,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/江苏省优质粳稻产业工程研究中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第7期1365-1381,共17页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300503);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-27);国家自然科学基金(31971841,31801293);江苏省重点研发计划(BE2018355);江苏省农业产业技术体系专项(JATS[2018]298);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目。

摘　　要：【目的】探明淮北地区不同温光条件对优质食味粳稻产量的影响。【方法】以优质食味中熟中粳南粳2728和南粳505,迟熟中粳南粳9108和福粳1606为试验材料,设置5月10日(S1)、5月17日(S2)、5月24日(S3)、5月31日(S4)、6月7日(S5)、6月14日(S6)、6月21日(S7)7个播期处理。研究不同播期处理下水稻产量、生育期、日均温度、积温和日均辐射量的差异,水稻产量与日均温度、积温、日均辐射量的相互关系。【结果】(1)随播种期的推迟,水稻产量显著下降。播种期每推迟7 d,中熟中粳和迟熟中粳产量分别降低0.49 t·hm^(-2)、0.63 t·hm^(-2)。(2)随播种期的推迟,播种至拔节期、拔节至抽穗期和全生育期天数呈下降趋势。抽穗至成熟期生育天数呈增加趋势,迟熟中粳S5—S7处理不能正常成熟,抽穗至成熟期生育天数缩短,2种类型水稻产量与全生育期天数极显著正相关。(3)随着播种期的推迟,播种至拔节期日均温度显著升高,拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期和全生育期日均温度显著下降。2种类型水稻产量与播种至拔节期日均温度极显著负相关,与拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期和全生育期日均温度极显著正相关。(4)2种类型水稻播种至拔节期、拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期和全生育期积温随播期推迟均呈下降趋势。播种期每推迟7 d,中熟中粳和迟熟中粳全生育期积温分别降低106.6℃、123.1℃。2种类型水稻产量与各生育阶段积温极显著正相关。(5)随播种期推迟,全生育期日均辐射量显著下降,中熟中粳产量与拔节至抽穗期和全生育期日均辐射量极显著正相关,与播种至拔节期和抽穗至成熟期日均辐射量呈正相关关系。迟熟中粳产量与播种至拔节期日均辐射量显著正相关,与全生育期产量极显著正相关,与拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期日均辐射量正相关。【结论】在稻麦两熟的淮北地区,与光照【Objective】The objective of the study was to elucidate the effects of different temperatures and light on the yield of high-quality japonica rice in Huaibei region.【Method】Taking medium-maturing medium japonica rice(MMMJ)Nanjing2728 and Nanjing505,late-maturing medium japonica rice(LMMJ)Nanjing9108 and Fujing1606 as experimental materials,seven seeding treatments were set on May 10(S1),May 17(S2),May 24(S3),May 31(S4),June 7(S5),June 14(S6)and June 21(S7).The effects of rice yield,growth period,mean daily temperature,accumulated temperature and mean daily radiation under different seeding dates,as well as the correlation between yield and mean daily temperature,accumulated temperature and mean daily radiation were studied.【Result】(1)The yield of rice decreased significantly with the delay of seeding time,the seeding date was postponed every seven days,and the yield of MMMJ and LMMJ was reduced by 0.49 t·hm^(-2) and 0.63 t·hm^(-2),respectively.(2)With the delay of seeding time,the number of days from seeding date(SD)to stem elongation(SE),stem elongation(SE)to heading(HE)and the whole growth period showed a decreasing trend.The number days from heading(HE)to maturity(MA)showed an increasing trend,LMMJ S5-S7 could not ripen normally,and the number of days from HE to MA decreased.There was a significant positive correlation between the yield of two types of rice and the days of the whole growth period.(3)With the delay of seeding time,the mean daily temperature increased significantly from SD to SE,and decreased significantly from SE to HE,HE to MA and the whole growth period.(4)The yield of the two types of rice was negatively correlated with the mean daily temperature from SD to SE,and positively correlated with the mean daily temperature from SE to HE,HE to MA and the whole growth period.The accumulated temperature of each growth stage of two types of rice decreased with the delay of seeding time.The seeding date was postponed every seven days,the accumulated temperature in the whole growth period o

关 键 词：淮北地区 优质食味粳稻 产量 温光资源 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]