不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特性  

Characteristics of Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Machine-Transplanted Indica Hybrid Rice with Different Daily Yield Types

作　　者：邓飞[1] 何连华 陈多[1] 田青兰 李秋萍[1] 曾玉玲 李博[1] 陈虹[1] 王丽[1] 任万军[1] DENG Fei;HE LianHua;CHEN Duo;TIAN QingLan;LI QiuPing;ZENG YuLing;LI Bo;CHEN Hong;WANG Li;REN WanJun(Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming Systems in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Wenjiang 611130,Sichuan)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物生理生态及栽培重点实验室,四川温江611130

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第7期1469-1481,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300105,2016YFD0300506,2017YFD0301702);四川省育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0051)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特性,为西南稻区中籼杂交稻机插高产栽培和品种选育提供理论和实践依据。【方法】以西南稻区的20个中籼杂交稻品种为材料,依据日产量将供试品种聚类为高日产、中日产和低日产3个类型,进而研究了不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻间的氮素积累、分配、转运及氮素生产利用效率的差异及其与日产量的关系。【结果】(1)不同日产量类型机插杂交籼稻间氮素积累特性差异明显。较中日产和低日产类型,高日产类型机插杂交籼稻在拔节前(播种—拔节期)具有较低的氮素积累比例,但其能有效提高拔节期和齐穗期各器官及植株含氮量,成熟期穗部和植株含氮率,以及2017年拔节—齐穗阶段的氮素积累量和2018年齐穗—成熟阶段氮素积累速率,进而提高全生育期氮素积累速率,使全生育期植株氮素积累量分别增加了3.70%—5.97%和16.57%—18.63%。(2)高日产类型机插杂交籼稻具有较高的齐穗期茎鞘和成熟期穗部氮素分配比例,以及较低的成熟期叶片氮素分配比例,其地上部营养器官(特别是茎鞘)氮素转运量明显高于中日产和低日产类型。(3)低日产类型机插杂交籼稻显著提高了氮素干物质生产效率,而高日产类型则能有效提高氮素收获指数和偏生产力。(4)相关分析表明,随日产量增加,各生育时期植株含氮率,拔节—齐穗阶段植株氮素积累量和积累速率,齐穗期茎鞘氮素分配比例和氮素偏生产力均显著增加,拔节前氮素积累比例、成熟期叶片氮素分配比例和氮素干物质生产效率均显著降低。【结论】整体看来,拔节—齐穗阶段植株氮素积累速率快、积累量大,齐穗期茎鞘和成熟穗部氮素分配比例高,可作为高日产类型机插杂交籼稻的氮素吸收利用特征指标。【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of nitrogen(N)absorption and utilization of machine-transplanted indica hybrid rice with different daily yield types,so as to provide a theory and practical basis for the high-yield cultivation and breeding of machine-transplanted medium-indica hybrid rice.【Method】The 20 medium-indica hybrid rice varieties bred in Southwest China were clustered into three types(high daily yield,medium daily yield,and low daily yield)based on their daily yields,and then the differences in N accumulation,distribution,redistribution,and utilization characteristics between different daily yield types,as well as their relationships with daily yield were studied.【Result】(1)There were markedly differences in N accumulation characteristics of different daily yield types.Compared with medium and low daily yield types,N accumulation percentage before the jointing stage was decreased,meanwhile,the N concentration of organs and shoot at the jointing and heading stages,and the N concentration of panicle and shoot at the maturity stage,as well as the N accumulation from the jointing to heading in 2017 and N accumulation rate after the heading in 2018 were increased by high daily yield type,which contributed to the 3.70%-5.97%and 16.57%-18.63%improvement in total N accumulation of shoot,respectively.(2)High daily yield type increased the N distribution percentage of stem plus sheath and panicle at the heading stage and maturity stage,respectively,but reduced that of leaf lamina at the maturity stage.High daily yield type also increased the N redistribution amount of vegetative organs(especially the stem plus sheath).(3)The N use efficiency for biomass production was improved by low daily yield types;however,both N harvest index and partial factor productivity of applied N were increased by high daily yield types.(4)The correlation analysis indicated that the N concentration of shoot at each growth stages,N accumulation amount and rate from the jointing to heading,as well

关 键 词：水稻 机插 日产量 氮素积累 氮素分配 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]