溶解氧浓度对水稻分蘖期根系生长及氮素利用特性的影响  

Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Root Growth at Tillering Stage and Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics of Rice

作　　者：胡继杰 钟楚 胡志华[4] 张均华 曹小闯 刘守坎[2] 金千瑜 朱练峰 HU JiJie;ZHONG Chu;HU ZhiHua;ZHANG JunHua;CAO XiaoChuang;LIU ShouKan;JIN QianYu;ZHU LianFeng(China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,Hangzhou 310006;Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taizhou 317000,Zhejiang;Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Conservation and Genetic Improvement,Nanning 530023;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement,Nanchang 331717)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州310006 [2]台州市农业科学研究院,浙江台州317000 [3]广西药用植物园/广西药用资源保护与遗传改良重点实验室,南宁530023 [4]江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,南昌331717

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第7期1525-1536,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0101801);国家自然科学基金(31771733);浙江省重点研发计划(2016C02050-3)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究特定溶解氧浓度对水稻分蘖期根系生长及全生育期氮素吸收利用的影响,以期为水稻氧营养研究及高产栽培提供理论依据。[方法]试验于2016年在中国水稻研究所网室进行。供试水稻品种为中浙优1号(水稻)、IR45765-3B(深水稻)和中旱221(旱稻),用国际水稻所营养液配方进行培养。试验设置5个溶解氧浓度处理,分别为全生育期溶解氧浓度1 mg·L^(-1)(T1)、3 mg·L^(-1)(T2)、5.5 mg·L^(-1)(T3)和7.5 mg·L^(-1)(T4),以自然生长处理作对照(CK),溶解氧浓度由在线测试控制系统自动控制(昆腾Q45D,美国),并实时用便携式溶氧仪进行校对(YSI 550A,美国)。[结果](1)水稻分蘖期,随溶解氧浓度上升,全浓度营养液中总氮含量下降速率减小,铵盐含量下降速率增加;硝酸盐含量在T1处理下最低,T4处理下最高;亚硝酸盐在全浓度营养液中含量极低且不稳定。(2)与CK相比,3个水稻品种在T2处理下根系活力均有所提高,T4处理根系活力显著低于CK。最大根长随溶解氧浓度上升而提高,T1和T4处理降低水稻根系总根长、总表面积、根体积和根干重;T2处理下,中浙优1号和IR45765-3B的根系形态指标和干重均高于CK。(3)3个水稻品种拔节期植株含氮率随溶解氧浓度提高逐渐下降,齐穗期和完熟期随溶解氧浓度提高逐渐上升。相较于CK,T2处理提高了3个水稻品种全生育期氮素积累量;T3和T4处理降低了水稻氮素吸收,但提高了齐穗期至完熟期生长阶段的氮积累量吸收比例。在完熟期,3个水稻品种氮素积累量,T2处理较CK增加2.3%-7.3%,T1、T3和T4处理较CK分别下降0.7%—3.6%、3.6%—8.5%和15.0%—27.1%。(4)3个水稻品种不同处理间干物质量和产量表现一致,均为T2>CK>T1>T3>T4。3个水稻品种氮素干物质生产效率均以T1处理表现最高;与CK相比,T2处理提高了3个水稻品种的收获指数和氮收获指数,T1、T3和T4均低于CK;T1处理下,中浙优1号和IR45765-3[Objective]A formal experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration on root growth at the tillering stage and nitrogen utilization of rice,so as to provide a theoretical basis to the rice oxygen nutrition and high-yield cultivation.[Method]The formal experiment was conducted at China National Rice Research Institute in 2016.Three rice varieties,including ZZY 1(lowland rice),IR45765-3 B(deep-water rice)and ZH 221(upland rice),were grown in hydroponic condition with different DO concentration(T1-1 mg·L^(-1),T2-3 mg·L^(-1),T3-5.5 mg·L^(-1),T4-7.5 mg·L^(-1) and CK-natural growth)controlled by on-line test control system(KUNTENG Q45 D,America).The portable dissolved oxygen meters(YSI 550 A,America)was used to examine the oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution.[Result](1)The results showed that the decrease rate of total nitrogen content in whole concentration nutrient solution decreased with the increasing of DO concentration,while the change of ammonium salt content showed the opposite tendency under different DO concentrations.At the same determination time,the nitrate content increased with the increasing of DO concentration.Nitrite content was extremely low and was unstable in whole concentration nutrient solution.(2)Compared with CK,the root activity of three rice cultivars increased in T2,while the root vigor decreased under T1 and T4.The longest root length of three rice cultivars was elongated with increasing of DO concentration,while the total length,total surface area,volume and dry matter were reduced under T1 and T4.The root morphological indexes and dry matter accumulation of ZZY 1 and IR45765-3 B under T2 were higher than that of CK.(3)The nitrogen content of three rice cultivars decreased gradually with the increasing of DO concentration at jointing stage,which showed an opposite tendency at full heading stage and full ripe stage.Compared with CK,the nitrogen accumulation of three varieties increased under T2 during the whole growth period.The nitrogen upta

关 键 词：水稻 溶解氧 根系形态 氮素利用 水培 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]