噪声敏感性对短期噪声暴露效应影响的研究  

Impact of Noise Sensitivity on Short-term Noise Exposure Effects

作　　者：李远飞 国耀宇[1] 胡松林[1] 杨振中[1] 王博[1] 王健全[1] 程亮[1] 马红磊[1] 王红晖[1] 梁鸿影 牛聪敏[1] LI Yuanfei;GUO Yaoyu;HU Songlin;YANG Zhenzhong;WANG Bo;WANG Jianquan;CHENG Liang;MA Honglei;WANG Honghui;LIANG Hongying;NIU Congmin(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094

出　　处：《载人航天》2021年第2期175-181,共7页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：载人航天领域试验技术项目(SYFD18000042)。

摘　　要：针对不同个体对噪声暴露存在噪声敏感性的问题,探讨听阈、工作绩效、烦扰度受噪声影响的程度与噪声敏感性之间的关系。在安静环境(对照环境)与88 dBA模拟航天噪声环境下,对33名志愿者进行125~16000 Hz纯音听阈、工效及主观烦恼度测试;并根据噪声敏感性量表得分划分低噪声敏感组、中噪声敏感组、高噪声敏感组,对3组志愿者噪声暴露下的听觉、工效及主观感受进行分析。结果表明:88 dBA噪声暴露1 h后,125 Hz、1 kHz、2 kHz听阈偏移具有显著性(P<0.05),对圈数字、速算、工作记忆影响不显著(P>0.05);高噪声敏感组与低噪声敏感组的绝对听阈差异不显著(P>0.05),但在9~16 kHz的扩展高频范围内多个频率相差10 dB,不同噪声敏感组之间受噪声对绩效的影响不显著;主观噪声敏感与烦恼程度显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究结果提示噪声敏感性可能与听力水平有关,噪声敏感性量表可用于预测噪声环境下的烦恼度水平。Targeting the noise sensitivity of different individuals when exposing to noise,the relationship between noise sensitivity and the influence of noise on hearing threshold,work performance and annoyance was explored.Thirty three volunteers completed the 125~16000 Hz frequency hearing threshold,work performance and annoyance tests in the quiet environment(control group)and the 88 dBA simulated space noise environment.Then they were divided into the tolerant group,the moderate group and the sensitive group according to the scores of the Weinstein Noise Sensitivity scale.The effects of noise on the three groups were compared.The results showed that the changes of hearing thresholds at 125 Hz,1 kHz and 2 kHz were significant after 1 hour of 88dBA noise exposure(P<0.05).The noise environment of 88 dBA had no significant influence on the number finding,math speed and 2-back working memory(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in absolute hearing threshold between the sensitivity group and the tolerant group(P>0.05),but there was a 10dB difference between several frequencies in the extended high frequency range of 9~16 kHz.The effect of noise on performance was not significant among the three groups.The noise sensitivity and the degree of annoyance had significant positive correlation(P<0.05).Noise sensitivity may be related to auditory threshold,and the Weinstein Noise Sensitivity scale may be used to predict the degree of annoyance in the noise environment.

关 键 词：噪声敏感性 听阈 绩效 烦恼度 

分 类 号：V216.5[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]