董铺水库的鸟类多样性  

Bird diversity in Dongpu Reservoir

作　　者：余青青 孙庆业[1,2] YU Qing-qing;SUN Qing-ye(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230601 [2]湿地生态保护与修复安徽省重点实验室,合肥230601

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2021年第3期777-787,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：安徽庐阳董铺国家湿地公园科研监测项目(2017LYFY437)资助。

摘　　要：可利用的停歇点湿地是迁徙水鸟能量补给、中转休整的重要场所,在水鸟迁徙活动中具有非常重要的生态功能。但湿地生境大面积丧失和退化严重影响了水鸟的迁徙活动。在此背景下,生境良好的中小型湿地的生态替补作用逐渐显现。开展中小型湿地内的鸟类资源研究,对鸟类资源的监测具有重要作用,同时对候鸟迁徙湿地网络的科学保护有着重要意义。2017年11月—2019年12月,采用样点法和样线法对董铺水库及周边区域鸟类种类、数量以及生境进行调查,共监测到16目43科118种鸟类。其中,国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类2种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类10种,主要包括东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)、白头鹤(Grus monacha)等。优势鸟种有16种,以罗纹鸭(Mareca falcata)、普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)、斑嘴鸭(Anas zonorhyncha)、凤头(Podiceps cristatus)、白鹭(Egretta garzetta)、小(Tachybaptus ruficollis)等水鸟为主。研究区域鸟类Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均夏季>秋季>冬季>春季,Simpson优势度指数则相反。通过监测的鸟类数据显示,董铺水库作为迁徙水鸟停歇点的生态作用正不断扩大。The stopover wetlands play an important ecological role in the migration of waterbirds,which supply energy and rest site for waterbirds.The large-scale loss and degradation of wetland habitats seriously affect the migration of waterbirds.Under such context,the ecological substitute role of small-and medium-sized wetlands with good habitats has gradually emerged.Therefore,studies on bird resources in small-and medium-sized wetlands are not only important for monitoring bird resources but also for the scientific protection of wetland networks of migratory birds.From November 2017 to December 2019,we used point sampling method and line sampling method to investigate species richness,abundance,and habitat of waterbirds in Dongpu Reservoir.A total of 118 bird species in 16 orders and 43 families were recorded.Among them,there were 2 and 10 species among China’s National Class Ⅰ and Ⅱ Key Protected Birds,including Ciconia boyciana and Grus monacha.There were 16 dominant species,including Mareca falcata,Phalacrocorax carbo,Anas zonorhyncha,Podiceps cristatus,Egretta garzetta,and Tachybaptus ruficollis.The Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness of birds in the study area were summer>autumn>winter>spring,while the Simpson dominance showed an opposite pattern.Our results showed that the role of Dongpu Reservoir as a stopover for overwintering waterbirds is expanding.

关 键 词：鸟类 多样性 湿地 停歇地 董铺水库 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]