以紧急状态法为重心的中国应急法制体系的整体重构  

A Comprehensive Reconstruction of China’s Emergency Legal System Focusing on Emergency Law

作　　者：刘小冰[1] LIU Xiao-bing(School of law and Politics,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学法政学院,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2021年第2期32-42,共11页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

基　　金：江苏省环保科研课题“江苏省生态环境保护法治化体系建设研究”(项目编号:2019015);江苏省决策咨询研究基地立项课题“提升江苏应急法治能力研究”(项目编号:20SSl058)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国应急法制存在紧急状态宪法规定的制度落空、应急法制的制度冲突、实施中的"法律无感"与错乱等问题。为此,须以紧急状态法为重心进行整体重构,这是基于其在应急法制体系中拥有基本法和主干法的地位。应急法制乃是基于法理支撑、制度建设与技术实施三重维度的解构与重构的完整过程,整体重构应以国家紧急权力理论为法理基础,在制度层面应废除《戒严法》,制定《紧急状态法》,并明确国家应急决定的法律效力既定、追责和免责等关键问题,同时,应急法制体系的整体重构还需要多种要素的嵌入。There are some problems in China’s emergency legal system, such as the institutional failure of the state of emergency stipulated in the constitution, the institutional conflict of the emergency legal system, and the legal insensibility and confusion in the implementation.Therefore, the comprehensive reconstruction of the emergency legal system should be focused on Emergency State Law, because this law is in the basic and leading position in the emergency legal system.The emergency legal system is a complete process of deconstruction and reconstruction based on the three dimensions of jurisprudential support, institutional construction and technological implementation.The jurisprudential foundation of the comprehensive reconstruction should be based on the theory of national emergency power.The most important measures for the institutional construction are to abolish the Martial Law, enact the Emergency State Law, and clarify the established legal effect of the national emergency decision, as well as such key issues as accountability and its exemption.At the same time, the comprehensive reconstruction of the emergency legal system also needs the embedding of other factors.

关 键 词：紧急状态法 应急法制 重大突发公共事件 国家紧急权力 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]