哈萨克族牧民生活及饮食习惯与健康素养水平的关系  

Relationship between Kazakh herdsmen’s life and diet habits and health literacy level

作　　者：王育珊[1,2] 萨拉·达合斯坦 王淑霞 姚华 WANG Yu-shan;Sala·Dahesitan;WANG Shu-xia;YAO Hua(Case Management Department,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi Xinjiang,830054,China;School of Health Management,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi Xinjiang,830000,China;Graduate Management Department,First Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi Xinjiang,830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学第一附属医院个案管理部,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆医科大学健康管理院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [3]新疆医科大学第一临床医学院研究生管理科,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第3期359-362,366,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BGL187)。

摘　　要：目的分析新疆伊犁州1市4县哈萨克族牧民生活及饮食习惯与健康素养的相关性,为今后伊犁州牧民良好生活及饮食习惯的形成提供策略支持,同时为提升健康素养水平提供依据。方法收集2019年在新疆伊犁州1市4县居住的18~75岁农村或城市哈萨克族牧民为研究对象,采取分层随机抽样法共调查2 050人。应用自行编制的《哈萨克族牧民生活及饮食习惯调查表》《健康素养量表》调查不同人口学特征的哈萨克族居民健康素养具备情况、生活及饮食习惯等情况。结果本次研究对象中男性1 338人,占65.27%;女性712人,占34.73%,健康素养具备率为5.46%。单因素分析结果显示,是否吸烟、每天喝奶茶、每天吃粗粮、每天喝牛奶、每天吃鸡蛋、每周运动3~5次、与他人共用洗漱用具及不同频率食用露天食品的哈萨克族牧民健康素养具备情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,奶茶、粗粮、牛奶、鸡蛋摄入情况、是否吸烟、运动、与他人共用洗漱用具和食用露天食物与健康素养相关。结论哈萨克族牧民健康素养处于较低水平,生活及饮食习惯与健康素养水平相关,应帮助其提高健康素养水平,使其养成良好的生活及饮食习惯以改善生活质量。Objective To analyze the correlation between life and diet habits and health literacy level among Kazakh herdsmen in one city and four counties of Yili Prefecture in Xinjiang, provide strategic support for the formation of the good life and diet habits of the herdsmen in Yili Prefecture, and provide a basis for the improvement of health literacy level. Methods Kazakh herdsmen aged 18-75 years old in rural area and urban area were collected from one city and four counties of Yili Prefecture in Xinjiang in 2019 as the research objects. A total of 2 050 people were surveyed by stratified random sampling. The self-designed questionnaires of Kazakh herdsmen’s life and eating habits questionnaire and the health literacy scale were used to investigate the health literacy, life and eating habits of Kazakh residents with different demographic characteristics. Results There were 1 338 males and 712 females in the survey, accounting for 65.27% and 34.73% respectively. The health literacy rate was 5.46%. The results of single factor analysis showed that the differences in the health literacy rate were statistically significant among Kazakh herdsmen in different groups of smoking, drinking milk tea every day, eating coarse grains every day, drinking milk every day,eating eggs every day, exercise 3-5 times a week, sharing washing utensils with others, and frequency of eating outdoor food(all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the intake of milk tea, coarse grains, milk and eggs,smoking, exercise, sharing washing utensils with others and eating outdoor food were related to health literacy. Conclusion The health literacy of Kazakh herdsmen is at a low level. Living and eating habits are related to the level of health literacy. It is necessary to help them improve the level of health literacy, so as to develop a good life and eating habits to improve the quality of life.

关 键 词：哈萨克族 牧民 健康素养 现况调查 

分 类 号：R181.37[医药卫生—流行病学]