中国信息通信技术产业的国际竞争力分析--基于贸易增加值核算的比较优势及技术含量测算  

Analysis on the International Competitiveness of China's ICT Industry:Measurement and Calculation of Comparative Advantage and Technological Contents Based on Trade in Value Added

作　　者：蔡跃洲[1] 牛新星 CAI Yue-zhou;NIU Xin-xing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所数字经济研究室 [2]国家工业信息安全发展研究中心

出　　处：《改革》2021年第4期24-44,共21页Reform

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“新一代信息技术影响增长动力及产业结构的理论与经验研究”(71873144);国家自然科学基金重大项目“宏观大数据建模和预测研究”(71991475);国家社会科学基金重点项目“数字经济对中国经济发展的影响研究”(18AZD006);中国社会科学院创新工程项目“新一代ICT、数据要素与数字经济”。

摘　　要：信息通信技术(ICT)产业是数字经济的重要组成部分和数字化转型的基础。科学测度ICT产业的竞争优势和技术含量,有助于客观认识各国数字经济发展状况及潜力。利用2000—2014年世界投入产出数据,测算了中国ICT制造业和ICT服务业基于贸易增加值的显示性比较优势指数及技术含量水平。实证结果表明:中国的ICT制造业具有显著比较优势,ICT服务业则处于比较弱势的地位,两者比较优势都有强化趋势;ICT制造业的国内技术含量、国内技术含量指数排名上升明显,ICT服务业的国内技术含量、全部技术含量排名较低,国内技术含量指数排名有所上升,两个行业技术含量在全球的排名处于中下水平;与国内部分制造业和服务业相比,ICT产业在国内技术含量指数上存在显著差距;ICT服务业国内技术含量指数显著高于制造业,在高端技术环节具有一定竞争优势。现阶段,应发挥比较优势背后的国内产业链条完备和超大规模市场优势,着力提升ICT产业国内技术含量。The information and communication technology(ICT)industry forms an integral part of the digital economy and lays the foundation for digital transformation.Scientifically measuring the competitive advantage and technological contents of the ICT industry will help to objectively understand the status quo and potential of digital economies across the world.Utilizing the World Input-Output Database from 2000 to 2014,this paper calculates the Revealed Comparative Advantage(RCA)and domestic technological contents(DTC)of China's ICT manufacturing and ICT service industries based on trade in value added.Empirical results show that:(1)China's ICT manufacturing owns a significant comparative advantage,while ICT service stays in a relatively weak position.Yet the comparative advantage of both industries shows a strengthening trend.(2)The DTC and DTC index rankings of ICT manufacturing increase remarkably.The domestic technological contents and total technological contents of ICT service are ranked relatively low,while its DTC index ranking moves up.The global rankings of both industries'technological contents are still below average.(3)Compared with some other domestic manufacturing and service sectors,the ICT industry faces a sharp divide in terms of DTC index.(4)ICT service enjoys a significantly higher ranking in DTC index than ICT manufacturing does,and has a certain comparative advantage in the high-end technology segment.In the context of China-U.S.tensions,it is necessary to give full play to the complete domestic industrial chain and a super-large-scale domestic market behind industries'comparative advantage.So efforts should be made to improve the DTC of ICT industry.

关 键 词：ICT制造业 ICT服务业 显示性比较优势 国内技术含量 数字经济 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]