国际强行法和普遍义务关系之争论及其辨析  

Debate and Analysis on the Relationship of Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes

作　　者：任虎[1] REN Hu

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2021年第1期66-80,共15页Journal Of CUPL

基　　金：2018年国家留学基金委公派访学项目阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：强行法和普遍义务皆以反映和维护国际社会基本价值观为价值目标。强行法是为确立国际法律规范的等级、位阶而引入,是在国际等级体制中高于条约法和习惯法的国际法律规范。普遍义务则是为了解决国际社会全体对个别国家的诉之利益主体资格程序事宜而引入,属于国际法律程序规范。强行法除产生普遍义务外,强行法的违反还可以产生国际社会整体须合作、制止不法行为等初级规则义务,但普遍义务产生国家不法行为责任等次级规则责任,不再创制其他初级规则。因普遍义务的范围大于强行法,所以后者产生前者,但并不是所有的前者都反映后者。In both jus cogens and obligations erga omnes,the reflection and maintenance of the fundamental values of the whole international community are their value targets.However,jus cogens is introduced to establish the effectiveness and hierarchy of norms in the international law,which is prior to treaty law and customary law in the international hierarchy.Obligations erga omnes,belonging to procedural rules of the international law,are introduced to solve the lawsuit interests and standing to sue of the whole international community against individual countriesand the procedural matters.In addition to the obligations erga omnes arising from jus cogens,the violation of jus cogens can also result in the primary rules(obligations)including cooperation to ratify and non-recognition of wrongful act of the international community as a whole.However,obligations erga omnes only produce the second rules(responsibilities)such as the responsibility of the state for its unlawful act without other primary rules.Since the range of obligations erga omnes is larger than that of jus cogens,the latter produces the former,but not all the former reflect the latter.

关 键 词：强行法 普遍义务 国家责任 国际社会 国际社会基本价值 

分 类 号：D993.8[政治法律—国际法学]