太空环境下锂离子电池热失控与火灾的研究展望  

Perspective on thermal runaway and fire dynamics of lithium-ion battery in spacecraft environments

作　　者：刘静[1,2] 刘彦辉 黄鑫炎 晏莉琴 黄军[1,2] 陈海涛 LIU Jing;LIU Yanhui;HUANG Xinyan;YAN Liqin;HUANG Jun;CHEN Haitao(Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources, Shanghai 200245, China;State Key Laboratory of Space Power Technology, Shanghai 200245, China;Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China)

机构地区：[1]上海空间电源研究所,上海200245 [2]空间电源技术国家重点实验室,上海200245 [3]香港理工大学屋宇设备工程系,中国香港

出　　处：《火灾科学》2020年第3期129-141,共13页Fire Safety Science

基　　金：上海市科委港澳台科技合作项目(19160760700);香港大学教育资助委员会青年学者计划(25205519)。

摘　　要：综述了锂离子电池的热失控机理,介绍了由于电池内部电解液、电池隔膜和电极材料分解的链式热反应过程而引发的热失控和火灾现象。同时,讨论了锂离子电池在微重力太空环境中可能产生的烟黑浓度倍增,加速火蔓延,火焰喷射等极端火行为。进而探讨了开展锂离子电池的低压、落塔和抛物飞行等地面实验模拟太空微重力燃烧的方法可行性,建立数值模型预测太空微重力环境下锂离子电池热失控临界条件与火灾行为的必要性,以及如何通过基础研究科学地指导空间站电池热管理和消防系统的设计。This paper reviews the thermal runaway mechanism of Li-ion battery,including the fire phenomena caused by thermochemical chain reaction during the decomposition of electrolyte,separator,electrode materials inside the battery.In microgravity spacecraft environment,the thermal runaway of battery may lead to a higher concentration of black smoke,faster fire spread,and extreme fire behaviors like unconfined jet flame.Potential ground-based microgravity experiments on Li-ion battery fire by using low-pressure,tower drop,and parabolic flight are discussed.It is also emphasized that besides the limited and high-cost micrograivty experiments,extensive numerical simulations on battery fire are of importance.Based on these fundamental studies,scientific guidelines can be provided to help design the thermal management system of battery pack and the corresponding fire protection strategies for the space station.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 热失控 微重力 燃烧实验 

分 类 号：X915.5[环境科学与工程—安全科学]